{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:38:51Z","timestamp":1786653531375,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) pose a major public health challenge to the Indian health system. The trajectory of patients from the site of injury to definitive management needs to be understood to improve prehospital management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a prospective survey to review the epidemiological and pre-hospital characteristics of TBI patients requiring emergency surgical intervention at a level I neuro-trauma care center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Materials:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients who underwent emergency neurosurgical management for TBI at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS, Bangalore) between June 2021 and December 2021 were included in the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 214 patients were included in the study (86% males). The most common cause of TBI was road traffic accidents (70%) which involved a motorized two-wheeler in 87% of the cases. No safety gear was used in 87% of the road traffic accidents. The median delay in first contact with any medical facility was 60 min. The median time of seeking care at NIMHANS was 6 h and 50 min after the injury. More than one-third of the patients had visited two or more health facilities before reaching NIMHANS for treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Road traffic accidents without safety gear constitute the major cause of TBIs requiring emergency surgery. A major challenge exists in prehospital care and organized hospital transfer of acute TBI patients requiring emergency surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ni.ni_1155_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T12:17:20Z","timestamp":1738930640000},"page":"49-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Epidemiology and Prehospital Characteristics of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Requiring Emergency Surgical Intervention: Survey from a Level I Neuro-Trauma Care Center"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Priya","family":"Baby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Tyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dwarakanath","family":"Srinivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250713","first-page":"341","article-title":"The impact of TBIs: A global perspective","volume":"22","author":"Hyder","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"R2-20250713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.10.JNS17352","article-title":"Estimating the global incidence of TBI","volume":"130","author":"Dewan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"R3-20250713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1179\/016164102101199503","article-title":"Epidemiology of TBIs: Indian scenario","volume":"24","author":"Gururaj","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"R4-20250713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003360","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003360","article-title":"Association between prehospital time and outcome of trauma patients in 4 Asian countries: A cross-national, multicenter cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"R5-20250713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2012.01.011","article-title":"Redefining the golden hour for a severe head injury in an urban setting: The effect of prehospital arrival times on patient outcomes","volume":"44","author":"Dinh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"R6-20250713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.201417","article-title":"Does prehospital time affect survival of major trauma patients where there is no prehospital care ?","volume":"63","author":"Dharap","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"R7-20250713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000196644.64653.d8","article-title":"Prehospital hypoxia affects outcome in patients with TBI: A prospective multicenter study","volume":"61","author":"Chi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R8-20250713","first-page":"854","article-title":"Australasian TBI Study (ATBIS) Investigators for the Australian; New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group. 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