{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:27:34Z","timestamp":1786739254594,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n \n Early serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -hCG) levels are commonly used to assess pregnancy viability following\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n fertilization (IVF). However, their predictive value for live birth remains uncertain.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim:<\/jats:title>\n \n This study evaluates the predictive value of early\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -hCG levels on post-transfer days 12 and 14 in determining live birth outcomes after IVF.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n A retrospective chart review was conducted on 755 women who underwent IVF between 2017 and 2023. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. Serum\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -hCG levels were measured on post-transfer days 12 and 14. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined optimal\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -hCG cutoff values for predicting live birth.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Among participants, 414 (54.8%) achieved live birth. Mean\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -hCG levels on day 12 were significantly higher in the live birth group (554.5 \u00b1 378.4 mIU\/mL) compared to the non-live birth group (208.0 \u00b1 162.5 mIU\/mL,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). On day 14, levels remained elevated in live birth cases (1466.8 \u00b1 890.3 mIU\/mL vs. 570.0 \u00b1 452.8 mIU\/mL,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). The rate of\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -hCG increase was also greater in the live birth group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). ROC analysis identified cutoffs of 205.5 mIU\/mL on day 12 (72.4% sensitivity, 72.3% specificity) and 535 mIU\/mL on day 14 (71.4% sensitivity, 71.3% specificity).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n Early\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -hCG levels are strong predictors of live birth following IVF. Establishing clinical thresholds may enhance early pregnancy assessment and patient counseling.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_124_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T10:00:09Z","timestamp":1770112809000},"page":"66-71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Predictive Value of Early \u03b2-hCG Levels After Embryo Transfer in In Vitro Fertilization Treatment"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"E","family":"G\u00fcrb\u00fcz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine (affliated to Yale University), New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MF","family":"Balc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Health Sciences, Izmir City Hospital, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"K\u00f6se","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Histology and Embryology, University of Health Sciences, Izmir City Hospital, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E\u015e","family":"G\u00fcle\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVF Clinic, University of Health Sciences, Izmir City Hospital, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Kasap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVF Clinic, University of Health Sciences, Izmir City Hospital, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVF Clinic, University of Health Sciences, Izmir City Hospital, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.03.003","article-title":"Predictors of success after in vitro fertilization","volume":"121","author":"Shingshetty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R2-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)03278-8","article-title":"Serum human chorionic gonadotropin measurements may predict pregnancy outcome and multiple gestation after in vitro fertilization","volume":"78","author":"Urbancsek","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R3-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60631-1","article-title":"Serum oestradiol and beta-HCG measurements after day 3 or 5 embryo transfers in interpreting pregnancy 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transfer","volume":"37","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci"},{"key":"R10-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-013-0099-6","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin levels are equally predictive for pregnancy outcome after fresh and vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer","volume":"30","author":"Relji\u010d","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"R11-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-016-0744-y","article-title":"Serum hCG-\u03b2 levels of postovulatory day 12 and 14 with the sequential application of hCG-\u03b2 fold change significantly increased predictability of pregnancy outcome after IVF-ET cycle","volume":"33","author":"Sung","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"R12-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-019-01583-x","article-title":"Revisiting serum \u03b2-hCG cut-off levels and pregnancy outcomes using single embryo transfer","volume":"36","author":"Al Mamari","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"R13-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-022-02606-w","article-title":"Early \u03b2-hCG levels predict live birth after single embryo transfer","volume":"39","author":"Hughes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"R14-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2018.1519789","article-title":"Trends in primeval \u03b2-hCG level increment after fresh and frozen-thawed IVF embryo transfer cycles","volume":"35","author":"Grin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R15-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-016-0871-5","article-title":"Endometrial and subendometrial vascularity by three-dimensional (3D) power doppler and its correlation with pregnancy outcome in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles","volume":"66","author":"Mishra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol India"},{"key":"R16-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195937","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2023.2195937","article-title":"Comparison of uterine, endometrial and subendometrial blood flows in predicting pregnancy outcomes between fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfer after GnRH antagonist protocol: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"43","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"}],"container-title":["Nigerian Journal of Clinical 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