{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:38:47Z","timestamp":1786649927037,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study is to compare the stresses occurring in the peri-implant bones, implants, crowns, abutments, and screws after loading through finite element analysis by using the poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) materials, which are alternative to titanium abutment and metal supported restorations and to try to reduce the level of neck resorption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In our study, three-dimensional modeling of 2 PEEK and titanium abutments, metal-ceramic, and monolithic PEEK upper central dental restorations were made on four titanium implants (Biohorizons\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      Implant Systems Ins., Birmingham, AL, USA) with diameters of 3.8 mm and 10.5 mm and four groups were obtained. Then, a stress analysis of the finite element was performed by applying a 178 N oblique force of 45\u00b0 to the long axis of the tooth 2 mm below the incisal edge of the model's palatal surface.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It has been observed that the PEEK material reduces the stresses caused by the force applied on itself during all tests. In all groups, PEEK abutments and PEEK crowns have reduced stress on the abutment. The most significant difference is observed in the stresses on the crowns and screws. When the stresses on the crown are examined, the use of PEEK crown reduces the stresses on itself and the use of PEEK abutment increases the stresses on the crown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The stress on the implant system can be changed through the usage of different prosthetic materials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_144_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T05:26:06Z","timestamp":1568006766000},"page":"1252-1258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Evaluation of the Use of PEEK Material in Implant-Supported Fixed Restorations by Finite Element Analysis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Tekin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"De\u011fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Demirci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1563\/AAID-JOI-D-11-00066","article-title":"Use of stress analysis methods to evaluate the biomechanics of oral rehabilitation with implants","volume":"40","author":"Pesqueira","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Oral Implantol"},{"key":"R3-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(02)00065-9","article-title":"The influence of functional forces on the biomechanics of implant-supported prostheses-A review","volume":"30","author":"\u015eahin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"R4-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2015.10.001","article-title":"Applications of poly-etheretherketone (PEEK) in oral implantology and prosthodontics","volume":"60","author":"Najeeb","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Prosthodont Res"},{"key":"R5-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2015.09.004","article-title":"Physicomechanical characterization of polyetheretherketone and current esthetic dental CAD\/CAM polymers after aging in different storage media","volume":"115","author":"Liebermann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"R7-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.07.013","article-title":"PEEK biomaterials in trauma, orthopedic, and spinal implants","volume":"28","author":"Kurtz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"R8-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.32932","article-title":"Polyetheretherketone A suitable material for fixed dental prostheses?","volume":"101","author":"Stawarczyk","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"R9-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-005-2539-z","article-title":"Response of primary fibroblasts and osteoblasts to plasmatreated polyetheretherketone (PEEK) surfaces","volume":"16","author":"Briem","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"R10-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381759","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/381759","article-title":"Nanomodified peek dental implants: Bioactive composites and surface modification-A review","volume":"2015","author":"Najeeb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Dent"},{"key":"R11-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.02.114","article-title":"MRI and dental implantology: Two which do not exclude each other","volume":"53","author":"Korn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"R12-20251006","first-page":"148","article-title":"PEEK as a framework material for 12-piece implant- supported bridges","volume":"29","author":"Siewert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zahnarztl Implantol"},{"key":"R13-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1067\/mpr.2001.115251","article-title":"Application of finite element analysis in \u0131mplant destistry: A review of the literature","volume":"85","author":"Geng","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"R14-20251006","first-page":"301","article-title":"Influence of off-axis loading of an anterior maxillary implant: A 3-dimensional finite element analysis","volume":"22","author":"Hsu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"R15-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321528","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/321528","article-title":"Three-dimensional finite element analysis of anterior single implant-supported prostheses with different bone anchorages","volume":"2015","author":"Verri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"R16-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2010.10.024","article-title":"From porcelain-fused-to-metal to zirconia: Clinical and experimental considerations","volume":"27","author":"Zarone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"R18-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2003.08.008","article-title":"Influence of \u0131mplant length and diameter on stress distribution: A finite element analysis","volume":"91","author":"Himmlova","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"R19-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2004.12.019","article-title":"Three dimensional finite element analysis of the effect of different bone quality on stress distribution in an implant-supported crown","volume":"93","author":"Sevimay","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"R20-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(01)00057-4","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of the effect of diameter, length and number of \u0131mplants supporting three-unit fixed partial prostheses on stress distribution in the bone","volume":"30","author":"\u0130plik\u00e7io\u011flu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"R21-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2003.10.018","article-title":"The \u0131nfluence of occlusal loading location on stresses transfered to \u0131mplant-supported prostheses and supporting bone: A three dimensional finite element study","volume":"91","author":"Eskita\u015f\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"R23-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.3316","article-title":"Peri-implant bone loss around single and multiple prostheses: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Firme","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"R24-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.4103\/1119-3077.179292","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis of titanium fixation plates and screws in mandibular angle fractures","volume":"19","author":"Atik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"R25-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2000.011S1033.x","article-title":"The scientific basis for and clinical experiences with Straumann implants including the ITI dental implant system: A consensus report","volume":"11","author":"Cochran","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"R26-20251006","first-page":"405","article-title":"A comparison between computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and laser scanning for capturing 3- dimensional data from an object of standard form","volume":"18","author":"Coward","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"R27-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2011.02347.x","article-title":"Bone quality and quantity of the anterior maxillary trabecular bone in dental implant sites","volume":"23","author":"Wakimoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"R28-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560645","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/560645","article-title":"A further finite element stress analysis of angled abutments for an implant placed in the anterior maxilla","volume":"2015","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput Math Methods Med"},{"key":"R29-20251006","first-page":"961","article-title":"Three-dimensional finite element analysis of titanium and yttrium- stabilized zirconium dioxide abutments and implants","volume":"26","author":"\u00c7aglar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"R30-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2006.12.002","article-title":"Effect of abutment angulation on the strain on the bone around an implant in the anterior maxilla: A finite element study","volume":"97","author":"Saab","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"R31-20251006","first-page":"65","article-title":"Evaluation of the cylinder implant thread height and width: A 3-dimensional finite element analysis","volume":"23","author":"Kong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"R32-20251006","article-title":"Use of high performance polymers as dental \u0131mplant abutments and frameworks: A case series report","author":"AL-Rabab'ah","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"R33-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2016.04.024","article-title":"Modified PEEK resin-bonded fixed dental prosthesis as an interim restoration after implant placement","volume":"116","author":"Zoidis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"R34-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-6781.154430","article-title":"Zirconia versus titanium dental implants: A systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Patil","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dent Implant"},{"key":"R35-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12631","article-title":"The effect of zirconia or titanium as abutment material on soft peri-implant tissues: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Linkevicius","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"R36-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.11607\/ijp.4169","article-title":"Mechanical properties of abutments: Resin-bonded glass fiber-reinforced versus titanium","volume":"29","author":"Bassi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"R37-20251006","first-page":"2","article-title":"A wealth of possible applications for high-performance polymers","volume":"39","author":"Stephan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Quintessenz Zahntech"},{"key":"R38-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.32669","article-title":"Stress shielding and fatigue limits of polyether-ether-ketone dental implants","volume":"100","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"R39-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.32861","article-title":"Coating of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone implants with titanium to improve bone apposition","volume":"101","author":"Devine","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"R40-20251006","first-page":"448","article-title":"High-performance polymers and their potential application as medical and oral implant materials: A review","volume":"24","author":"Wiesli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Implant Dent"}],"container-title":["Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_144_19","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:00:03Z","timestamp":1786647603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_144_19"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_144_19","relation":{},"ISSN":["1119-3077","2229-7731"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1119-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"2229-7731","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-04-28","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}