{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:35:05Z","timestamp":1787762105752,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nephrotic syndrome is the most common glomerular disease of childhood. Majority of the idiopathic cases frequently respond to steroid therapy and are regarded as steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Several studies have reported a change in this usual pattern to steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in Nigerian children. This study aimed to determine the pattern of steroid sensitivity and steroid resistance in childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome seen at a tertiary hospital in Enugu, south-east Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study conducted in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, over 5 years (from 2016 to 2020). The demographic variables, clinical data, and histopathological pattern were documented. Renal biopsies were studied by light microscope only.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of a total of 150 patients, 105 (70%) were males, while 45 (30%) were females. Ninety six (64%) were aged 1-10 years. Fifty four (36%) were aged 11-18 years. Forty eight (32%) were aged 1-5 years. Mean age was 8.67 \u00b1 4.69 years. One hundred and six (71%) initially had steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome; 12 (11.3%) and seven (6.6%) later became frequent-relapsers and steroid-dependent, respectively. Forty four (29.3%) had steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Sixty eight had renal biopsy; the most common indication being steroid-resistance. The most common histological pattern was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis seen in 63.2% of these patients. Only four (9%) had renal transplant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the prevalence of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome is higher in this clime, there is a rising incidence of steroid-resistant pattern attributed to incident cases of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_1_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T01:22:26Z","timestamp":1690852946000},"page":"1017-1022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Pattern of Steroid Sensitivity and Steroid Resistance in Childhood Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: A 5-Year Retrospective Observational Descriptive Study in a South-East Nigerian Tertiary Hospital"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"NR","family":"Mbanefo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FN","family":"Ogbuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CA","family":"Nwaoha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Center, Owerri, Imo, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CL","family":"Odimegwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SN","family":"Uwaezuoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HU","family":"Okafor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670100021","article-title":"Time trends and ethnic patterns of childhood nephrotic syndrome in Yorkshire, UK","volume":"16","author":"McKinney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"R2-20240907","first-page":"14","article-title":"Pattern of childhood renal disorders in Enugu","volume":"26","author":"Okoro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nig J Paed"},{"key":"R3-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80760-3","article-title":"Identification of patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome from initial response to prednisone. 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