{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:59:04Z","timestamp":1787169544134,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data on iron status are generally less readily available in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients than in the hemodialysis population. In Nigeria, little is known about iron indices in patients with CKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the iron status among anemic pre-dialysis patients with CKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using a cross-sectional study design, we evaluated serum ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) among 63 pre-dialysis CKD patients with anemia attending our outpatient nephrology clinic. CKD was defined as a glomerular filtration rate less than 60 ml\/min\/1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      for 3 months or more, while anemia was defined as a hemoglobin concentration (Hb) less than 11 g\/dl.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age of the study participants was 52.5 \u00b1 12.7 years and 33 (52.4%) of the patients were females. The most common causes of CKD were hypertension (44.4%) and diabetic nephropathy (30.6%). The mean Hb, mean serum ferritin, and mean TSAT were 9.2 \u00b1 1.1 g\/dl, 106.6 \u00b1 72.7 ng\/ml, and 24.3% \u00b1 7.9%, respectively. There was no significant difference in median ferritin (91[interquartile range: 54-133] ng\/ml versus 106 [interquartile range: 45-151;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.75) and mean TSAT (24.9 \u00b1 7.2 % versus 23.8 \u00b1 7.7 %;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.54) between male and female study participants; Half (50.8%) of the study participants had absolute iron deficiency (serum ferritin &lt;100 ng\/ml) and 6.3% had functional iron deficiency (ferritin &gt;100 ng\/ml and TSAT &lt;20%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iron deficiency is common among anemic adult Nigerian pre-dialysis CKD patients. Results of iron studies should guide therapy when correcting anemia in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_234_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T05:49:43Z","timestamp":1647409783000},"page":"226-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of iron status in anemic pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease 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