{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:48:59Z","timestamp":1792788539977,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n OME is an accumulation of serous or mucoid fluid in the middle ear cavity with an intact tympanic membrane and without any sign of acute infection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims:<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to determine the prevalence of otitis media with effusion among preschool and school-age children aged 1-10 years in private and public schools in Calabar municipality and the correlations between otoscopic findings and Jerger\u2019s diagnostic criteria among study participants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n This school-based descriptive cross-sectional study used a multistage sampling technique to recruit participants. The Institutional Ethical Committee approved the study. Consent and assent were obtained from parents\/guardians of children aged < 6 years and >7 years, respectively. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms, and possible risk factors for otitis media with effusion. In addition, ear, nose, and throat (ENT) examinations and tympanometry were performed for each participant. Jerger\u2019s type B and C tympanograms were the diagnostic criteria for otitis media with effusion. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25, and the threshold for statistical significance was set at\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The overall prevalence of OME was 13.8%, with\n P<\/jats:italic>\n values \u2264 0.001,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.597, and\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.007 for daycare (45.85%), public schools (14.7%), and females, respectively. Jerger type B tympanograms had a strong positive correlation with middle ear fluid (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.777) on otoscopy, Jerger type C tympanograms with dull TM (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.687), and retracted TM (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.774).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Otitis media with effusion was more prevalent among preschool children aged 1-2 years in public schools and among female children in Calabar municipalit. The otoscopic results of otitis media with effusion were consistent with Jerger\u2019s diagnostic criteria in our study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_332_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T14:02:44Z","timestamp":1727704964000},"page":"1112-1119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessment of Prevalence of Otitis Media with Effusion and Correlation Between Otoscopic Findings with Jerger\u2019s Diagnostic Tympanograms Among Pupils in Calabar Municipality"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"BC","family":"Onwughalu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Calabar, Calabar\/University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AG","family":"Adekanye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Calabar, Calabar\/University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RB","family":"Mgbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Calabar, Calabar\/University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CO","family":"Anisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Calabar, Calabar\/University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AN","family":"Umana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Calabar, Calabar\/University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"OA","family":"Somefun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20250306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_499_23","article-title":"Risk factors for otitis media with effusion in primary and school children","volume":"27","author":"Adekanye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"R3-20250306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.4103\/1119-3077.86764","article-title":"Classification and management challenges of otitis media in a resource-poor country","volume":"14","author":"Ibekwe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"R4-20250306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-022-03408-w","article-title":"Otitis media with effusion in children aged 2-12 years attending the paediatric clinic at Mulago National Referral Hospital, a Ugandan tertiary hospital: A cross-sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Bamaraki","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"R5-20250306","first-page":"12","article-title":"Prevalence of secretory otitis media amongst primary school children in Benin City Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"Okolugbo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Continental J Med Res"},{"key":"R6-20250306","first-page":"555","article-title":"Prevalence of otitis media with effusion among preschool children in Port Harcourt Nigeria","volume":"4","author":"Nwosu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Trop Dis"},{"key":"R7-20250306","first-page":"281","article-title":"The prevalence of otitis media in 2\u20133-year-old Cameroonian children estimated by tympanometry","volume":"10","author":"Libwea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pediatric Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R8-20250306","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: Otitis media with effusion","volume":"154","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2016","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R13-20250306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100107078","article-title":"Impedance screening for otitis media with effusion in Nigerian children","volume":"102","author":"Ogisi","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"R14-20250306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/31.6.295","article-title":"A. 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