{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:05:55Z","timestamp":1787169955808,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is a common practice to subjectively categorize cleft lip deformities into narrow and wide cleft. The proposed grading of unilateral cleft lip can serve as a predictive factor of the difficulties to be encountered during repair and the expected outcome of surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a 5-years retrospective study of the records of 32 patients with unilateral cleft lip that presented to a single surgical unit. We grouped the patients based on the age at surgery. We calculated the alar base width ratios of the cleft to non-cleft sides, and this was used for grading. We graded the clefts using ratio of 1.00\u20131.50 for mild cleft, 1.51 to 2.00 for moderate cleft, 2.01\u20133.00 for severe cleft, and &gt;3.00 for extensive cleft lip.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The youngest child was 1 month old, while the oldest was 50 years. Majority of the patients (17) were older than 2 years at the time of surgery. Only nine babies (28.1% of the patients) were able to have their surgery done within the age of 6 months. Those that had extensive unilateral cleft lip were 10 (31.3%). However, a total of 18 (56.3% of the patients) had cleft lips that were either mild or moderate grade.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This grading of unilateral cleft lip helps in objective preoperative assessment of the severity and in predicting the difficulty expected during lip repair. It is also helpful in assigning clefts to trainees and in determining which patients should be referred to an experienced surgeon.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_34_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T08:00:43Z","timestamp":1692345643000},"page":"1192-1196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Proposed Grading System of Unilateral Cleft Lip to Predict Surgical Challenges"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"II","family":"Onah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria"},{"name":"Institute of Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"OR","family":"Okwesili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1352506","article-title":"Nostril morphometry evaluation before and after cleft lip surgical correction:Clinical evidence","volume":"18","author":"Feijo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R2-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3966","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003966","article-title":"Does initial cleft lip width predict final aesthetic outcome?","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"R3-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2083","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002083","article-title":"Influence of severity on aesthetic outcomes of unilateral cleft lip repair in 1,823 patients","volume":"7","author":"Campbell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"R4-20240907","first-page":"e10","article-title":"A cross-sectional comparison of cleft lip severity in 3 regional populations","volume":"12","author":"Lanteri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eplasty"},{"key":"R5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e580","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000006603","article-title":"Validation of the Hubli grading system for assessing unilateral and bilateral cleft lip outcomes","volume":"31","author":"Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"R6-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.4103\/ams.ams_293_20","article-title":"Effect of cleft types on outcome of unilateral cleft lip repair","volume":"10","author":"Adetayo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000004233","article-title":"Objective assessment of the unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity using 3d stereophotogrammetry:Severity and outcome","volume":"141","author":"Mercan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plast Reconstruct Surg"},{"key":"R8-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1597\/13-273","article-title":"Columellar-frenulum angle-A significant clinical parameter in assessing the degree of severity in unilateral cleft lip","volume":"53","author":"Vathulya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"R9-20240907","first-page":"e1479","article-title":"Validation of the unilateral cleft lip severity index for surgeons and laypersons. Plast Reconstruct Surg","volume":"5","author":"Campbell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Global Open"},{"key":"R10-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-011-0298-6","article-title":"Assessment of deformities of the lip and nose in cleft lip alveolus and palate patients by a rating scale","volume":"11","author":"Rajanikanth","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"key":"R11-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181ec087e","article-title":"Evaluation of primary cleft nose repair:severity of the cleft versus final position of the nose","volume":"21","author":"Tanikawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"}],"container-title":["Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_34_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:15:30Z","timestamp":1787166930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_34_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_34_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["1119-3077","2229-7731"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1119-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"2229-7731","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-14","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-02","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}