{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:45:06Z","timestamp":1787071506196,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Asphyxia by hanging is caused by the constricting force of a ligature encircling the neck, with gravity pulling the body downward. Postmortem examinations should focus on cartilaginous and soft tissues in the neck region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study aims to demonstrate the effect of various variables such as age, sex, height, weight, and BMI on postmortem findings in cartilaginous and bone tissues in the neck region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study is a retrospective descriptive study covering 248 cases of death by hanging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age of the cases was 39.8 years, and 69.8% (n = 173) of the cases were male. Thyroid cartilage fracture was observed in 98 (39.5%) cases and hyoid bone fracture in 80 (33.3%) cases. Hyoid bone fractures were 4.4 times more frequent in women (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Although there was no significant difference between the number of thyroid cartilage fractures and sex (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.274). There was a significant difference in terms of weight (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004) in cases with thyroid fracture and in weight (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) and height (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.037) in cases with hyoid fracture. A significant difference was observed in BMI in the occurrence of thyroid cartilage fractures (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is one of the largest series in the literature and is an important study that reveals the statistical significance of neck cartilage and bone tissues in autopsy results. When investigating neck cartilage and bone fractures in cases of death by hanging, the attending physician should consider the physical condition of the individual.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_378_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T13:00:38Z","timestamp":1764248438000},"page":"1158-1162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Influence of Age, Sex, and BMI on Neck Cartilage and Bone Fractures in Hanging Deaths: A 6-Year Autopsy Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"T","family":"Bork","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, F\u0131rat University, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Sehlikoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ad\u0131yaman University, Ad\u0131yaman, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Celbis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BS","family":"Oner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2022.03.008","article-title":"Suicide: An overview for clinicians","volume":"107","author":"Sher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"R2-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000239","article-title":"Hanging deaths: A retrospective study regarding 260 cases","volume":"37","author":"Russo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"R3-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2010.01459.x","article-title":"Classi\ufb01cation of asphyxia: The need for standardization","volume":"55","author":"Sauvageau","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"R4-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12772","article-title":"Characteristic features of hanging: A study in rural district of central India","volume":"60","author":"Ambade","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"R5-20260420","first-page":"1498","volume":"61","author":"Tugaleva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retrospective analysis of hanging deaths in Ontario, J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"R7-20260420","first-page":"823","article-title":"Comparative study about methods of suicide between Japan and the United States","volume":"19","author":"Ojima","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R8-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-004-0935-z","article-title":"Suicidal methods\u2014A comparison between East and West Germany. 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