{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:32:23Z","timestamp":1787761943875,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n \n Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n is a Gram-positive opportunistic bacterial pathogen and that causes dental caries and then restorative treatment remains the best clinical practice approach to repair and prevent dental caries.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims:<\/jats:title>\n \n This study compared the antimicrobial performance of resin modified glass ionomer cement (RM-GIC) and ACTIVA restoratives by evaluating the\n S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n count, pH levels, and plaque index (PI) scores before and on the 7\n th<\/jats:sup>\n day of restoration, and then determined the antimicrobial activities against\n S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n ATCC 25175 in both restoratives\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Seventy-eight eligible Saudi female participants, with class II carious lesions, were randomly distributed into RM-GIC and ACTIVA restorative groups. We evaluated the\n S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n count by the serial dilution technique and salivary pH by using a portable pH meter. The PI scores were determined by Silness\u2013L\u00f6e method and the antibacterial activity by the agar well diffusion method. Statistical analysis of normality distribution was performed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and the difference between groups was an analysis by paired\n t-<\/jats:italic>\n test. In addition, the independent sample was compared with the independent samples\n t-<\/jats:italic>\n test.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Both groups reduced the\n S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n count, pH acidity, and PI scores, and this reduction was statistically significant on the 7\n th<\/jats:sup>\n day of restoration (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05), preference for ACTIVA. The\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n antibacterial activity against\n S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n ATCC 25175 showed a non-significant difference between both bioactive restorative materials (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The novel application of ACTIVA restorative material is a promising option for patients at risk of caries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_406_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T07:51:01Z","timestamp":1683877861000},"page":"404-411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of the Clinical Impact and In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Two Bioactive Restoratives against S. mutans ATCC 25175 in Class II Carious Restorations"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"YA","family":"Maher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry - Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MT","family":"Rajeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FA","family":"Hamooda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Intern, Collage of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GO","family":"Zerain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Intern, Collage of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RM","family":"Habis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Intern, Collage of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RH","family":"Sulaimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Intern, Collage of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ST","family":"Albar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Intern, Collage of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FMH","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NA","family":"Abdelaleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0089-x","article-title":"The oral microbiota:Dynamic communities and host interactions","volume":"16","author":"Lamont","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"R2-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-02894-0","article-title":"Secondary caries:Prevalence, characteristics, and approach","volume":"24","author":"Nedeljkovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Oral 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