{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:34:10Z","timestamp":1787762050967,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our practice as ENT specialists, people living with Human immunodeficiency Virus\/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV\/AIDS) have presented at the clinics with symptoms suggestive of otitis media with effusion such as the sensation of fluid in the ear, aural fullness and hearing loss. Eustachian tube dysfunction which is often the beginning of middle ear pathology could be caused by nasal allergy, upper respiratory tract infection, or obstruction by a nasal pharyngeal lesion such as lymphoid hyperplasia which is a common feature in people living with HIV\/AIDS. Tympanometric findings give a measure of the objective assessment of middle ear function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim and Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was designed to determine tympanometric findings among adult patients undergoing short-term treatment with HAART in Port Harcourt.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A hospital-based study involving 150 HIV-positive patients that received the same HAART treatment over 6 months and a control group of 150 HIV-negative individuals in Port Harcourt. The data extracted includes; the patient\u2019s ear symptoms, otoscopic findings, and tympanogram. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and statistical significance was set at\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a high proportion of type B-Typanogram at baseline (Rt ear 24[16.0%], left ear 23 [15.3%]) and at repeat (Rt ear 23 (15.3%), Lt ear 21 (14%) evaluations. Also, there was a relatively high proportion of type C- tympanogram at baseline {right ear 18 (12%), left ear 15 (10%)} and at repeat Rt ear 14 (9.3%), Lt ear 10 (6.7%)} evaluations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One out of every eight patients living with HIV infection may likely have Eustachian tube dysfunction while one out of every five may have developed otitis media with effusion already. There was no significant change in tympanometric findings after treatment with HAART.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_427_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T22:16:37Z","timestamp":1687558597000},"page":"599-603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tympanometric Findings among Adult HIV Patients Undergoing a Short-Term Treatment with High Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in Port Harcourt"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"UA","family":"Ejikeme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ORL), University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"OB","family":"da Lilly-Tariah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ORL), University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LO","family":"Onotai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ORL), University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Chinenye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(00)80117-9","article-title":"Otologic and audiologic evaluation of human immunodefieciency virus- infected patients","volume":"21","author":"Chandrasekhar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Otorlaryngol"},{"key":"R2-20240907","first-page":"79","article-title":"Deafness, burden, prevention and control in India","volume":"22","author":"Gang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Natl Med J India"},{"key":"R3-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1590\/S1808-86942011000300020","article-title":"Otorlaryngologic manifestations in HIV disease;clinical aspect and treatment","volume":"77","author":"Sanjar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R4-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2013.1709","article-title":"Increased risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"139","author":"Charlene","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.56920\/cehh.190","article-title":"The causes of hearing loss in HIV infection","volume":"3","author":"Newton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Community Ear Hear Health"},{"key":"R7-20240907","first-page":"292","volume":"11","author":"Strauss","year":"1990","journal-title":"Human cytomegalovirus labyrinthitis"},{"key":"R8-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1996.01890240066014","article-title":"Otolaryngologic disease progression in children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R10-20240907","first-page":"61","article-title":"Disorders of the middle ear;Otitis media with effusion","author":"Dhingra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat"},{"key":"R11-20240907","first-page":"9","year":"2010","journal-title":"Federal ministry of health, Abuja Nigeria"},{"key":"R12-20240907","first-page":"1","article-title":"HIV-1 Antiretroviral drug therapy","volume":"2","author":"Eric","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbperspect Med"},{"key":"R13-20240907","first-page":"2006861","article-title":"Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic","volume":"1","author":"Paul","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbperspect Med"},{"key":"R14-20240907","first-page":"346","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in HAART and antibiotics therapy","volume":"30","author":"Marta","year":"2007","journal-title":"New Microbial"},{"key":"R15-20240907","first-page":"29","article-title":"The effect of CD4 count level on the middle ear dynamics of HIV infected patients, East Afri Med J","volume":"91","author":"Obasikene","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_427_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:14:24Z","timestamp":1787760864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_427_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_427_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["1119-3077","2229-7731"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1119-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"2229-7731","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-28","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-11","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}