{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:22:21Z","timestamp":1787764941730,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The burden of avoidable blindness from corneal disease is significantly higher where access to specialist eye care, the cost of treatment and the treatment infrastructure including eye banking, are beyond the reach of the impoverished masses. Corneal transplantation in children is challenging: it is more technically complex; patients often require multiple examinations under general anaesthesia to optimize treatment outcomes. There is also the increased risk of several complications including graft dehiscence, infection, rejection, and inappropriate patient or caregiver care. However, when successful, it restores vision. We present a report of our initial experience with penetrating keratoplasty in 2 children with blinding corneal disease in Uyo, Nigeria. Corneal transplantation history was retrieved and data (including data on age, sex, aetiology of corneal disease, indications for corneal transplantation, pre-operative and post-operative visual acuity and intraocular pressure measurements) was extracted for this report. Both patients had standard penetrating keratoplasty performed by one surgeon, under general anaesthesia. Case one was a 10-year-old male presenting with profound visual impairment from congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy. His best corrected post-operative visual acuity was 6\/24. Case two was a 3-year-old male with vision loss due to a corneal leucoma following treated herpes simplex keratitis. Post-operatively, his best corrected visual acuity improved to 6\/12. Corneal graft tissue remained clear at more than 3 years of follow-up. Although amblyopia was a notable co-morbidity, corneal transplantation significantly improved their vision. Corneal banking services are advocated for in resource-limited settings where the magnitude of corneal blindness is greatest.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_459_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T02:03:17Z","timestamp":1701655397000},"page":"1772-1776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pediatric Corneal Transplantation in Uyo, Nigeria: Early Experiences"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"ED","family":"Nkanga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"UI E","family":"Umana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Marion Eye Centre, Marion, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AA","family":"Ibanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ED","family":"Nkanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, All Saints University of Medicine, Common Wealth of Dominica, Rivers State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"EI","family":"Ezeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"EU","family":"Ani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Ophthalmic Specialists, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DG","family":"Nkanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BA","family":"Etim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SI","family":"Akpan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300539","article-title":"Global estimates of visual impairment:2010","volume":"96","author":"Pascolini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20240907","first-page":"211","article-title":"The problem of retro-prosthetic membrane following keratoprosthesis in Nigerian eyes","volume":"9","author":"Waziri-Erameh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Case Rep"},{"key":"R3-20240907","first-page":"e3744","article-title":"Indications, clinical outcomes, and survival rate of pediatric penetrating keratoplasty in suburban Malaysia:A 10-year experience","volume":"10","author":"Mun-Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R4-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4103\/ais.ais_44_18","article-title":"Early experience with penetrating keratoplasty in South-South Nigeria:Initial audit of indications and outcome","volume":"8","author":"Umana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Int 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dystrophies","volume":"70","author":"Kannabiran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2006.09.012","article-title":"Primary pediatric keratoplasty:Indications, graft survival, and visual outcome","volume":"11","author":"Al-Ghamdi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"R10-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001613","article-title":"Pediatric corneal transplants:Review of current practice patterns","volume":"37","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R11-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200307000-00006","article-title":"Penetrating keratoplasty in young children with congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy","volume":"22","author":"Javadi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R12-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31823d03af","article-title":"Penetrating keratoplasty in congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy","volume":"31","author":"\u00d6zdemir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R13-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002701","article-title":"Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty in congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy:Initial experiences","volume":"40","author":"Mittal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R14-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.053116","article-title":"The indications and outcome of paediatric corneal transplantation in New Zealand:1991-2003","volume":"89","author":"Patel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-620X.149862","article-title":"Graft rejection in pediatric penetrating keratoplasty:Clinical features and outcomes","volume":"8","author":"Kusumesh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oman J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Nigerian Journal of Clinical 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