{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:00:05Z","timestamp":1787169605864,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The numerous toxic substances present in cigarettes have a suppressive effect on the immune system, lowering antibody levels and making smokers more susceptible to diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the effect of smoking on serum IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE levels in those who smoke in T\u00fcrkiye.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross-sectional study was conducted over a 3-month period in individuals who visited the Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic. Those who smoked cigarettes were included as the case group, and non-smokers as the control group. The nicotine dependence levels of the smokers were recorded using the Fagerstr\u00f6m Nicotine Dependence Test (FNBT). IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE levels were measured in both groups. Comparisons were made between the two groups, and a significant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value was taken as &lt;0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study was completed with a total of 300 participants, with an average age of 34.28 \u00b1 11.10 years (range: 18\u201365), and 69.7% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 209) were male. Of the participants, 51.0% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 153) were smokers, with a higher frequency of smoking among males (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). IgG levels were found to be higher in non-smokers (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002). No significant differences were found in IgM, IgA, and IgE levels between smokers and non-smokers (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.080). There was no significant correlation between nicotine dependence levels and Ig levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While IgG levels were lower in smokers, IgA, IgM, and IgE levels were similar to those in non-smokers. This decrease in antibody levels may adversely affect the immune system, increasing susceptibility to diseases. The negative impact of smoking on the immune system should not be overlooked, especially in preventive medicine practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_488_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T10:00:22Z","timestamp":1770112822000},"page":"17-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effect of Smok\u0131ng on Serum Immunoglobul\u0131n Levels in T\u00fcrkiye: A Cross-Sect\u0131onal Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"\u00dcH","family":"Akbulut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Kutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin 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