{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:58:56Z","timestamp":1792461536895,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Inguinal hernia is a common pathology seen by the general surgeon in the outpatient clinic. Its spectrum of clinical features on presentation significantly varies from the asymptomatic to the complicated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To identify and audit the common clinical presentation and presence of known risk factors for inguinal hernia among adult patients with inguinal hernias presenting to an outpatient clinic.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The study involved adults presenting over 1 year at a surgical clinic with a clinical diagnosis of inguinal hernia. Data on age, sex, family history, abdominal pain, constipation, chronic cough, previous hernia surgery as well as features of bladder outlet obstruction and intra-abdominal mass were recorded into a format. Analysis into a simple percentage, mean, and standard deviation was done with SPSS version 17 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Sixty-five patients were enrolled in the study, comprising 49 males (75.4%) and 16 females (24.6%), M:F = 3:1. The mean age was 45.6 years (SD \u00b1 16.9). The 16\u201340-year age group had the highest incidence of 29 cases (44.6%) of inguinal hernia. A family history of inguinal hernia (31 cases [47.7%]) and history of previous inguinal hernia surgery (15 cases [23.1%])) was observed. Ten patients with previous surgery presented with a contralateral hernia and 5 with a recurrence. Other factors were chronic constipation 10 cases, smoking 9 cases, chronic cough 8 cases, dysuria 7 cases, enlarged prostate 6 cases, abdominal mass 4 cases, and urethral stricture 1 case.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Inguinal hernia is common among young and middle-aged adults in our series. Many patients have features suggestive of complications at presentation. Family history and past inguinal hernia surgery were important risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_529_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T00:56:17Z","timestamp":1692579377000},"page":"1082-1085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical Presentation of Inguinal Hernia among Adults in Uyo, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"IA","family":"Udo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-18-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1177\/004947550403400322","article-title":"Inguinal hernia in Nigeria","volume":"34","author":"Awojobi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trop 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hernia","volume":"12","author":"Sanders","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"R6-18-20240907","first-page":"14","article-title":"Improving surgical care at the rural level: The impact of surgical outreach missions in the Niger delta region of Nigeria","volume":"4","author":"Umoh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Trop Surg"},{"key":"R7-18-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-009-9964-y","article-title":"Public health and policy issues of hernia surgery in Africa","volume":"33","author":"Kingsnorth","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"R8-18-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm011","article-title":"Risk factors for inguinal hernia among adults in a US population","volume":"165","author":"Ruhl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R9-18-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-585","article-title":"Surgical management of inguinal hernias at Bugando Medical Center in North-Western Tanzania: Our experience in a resource limited setting","volume":"5","author":"Mabula","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"R11-18-20240907","first-page":"77","article-title":"Inguinal hernia disease in Africa: A common but neglected condition","volume":"30","author":"Ohene-Yeboah","year":"2011","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"key":"R12-18-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2006.04.014","article-title":"Risk factors for inguinal hernia in adult males: A case control study","volume":"141","author":"Lau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"R13-18-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2482-9-18","article-title":"Risk factors for early recurrence after inguinal hernia repair","volume":"9","author":"Jansen","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Surg"},{"key":"R14-18-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-006-0144-9","article-title":"The biology of hernias and the abdominal wall","volume":"10","author":"Franz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"R15-18-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-002-0108-7","article-title":"The etiology of indirect inguinal hernias: Congenital and\/or Acquired?","volume":"7","author":"Van Wessem","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"R16-18-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200107000-00018","article-title":"Re-operation after groin hernia repair","volume":"234","author":"Haapaniemi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R17-18-20240907","first-page":"447","article-title":"Open \u201ctension free\u201d repair of inguinal hernias: The Lichtenstein technique","volume":"162","author":"Amid","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Surg"}],"container-title":["Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_529_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:32:09Z","timestamp":1787758329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_529_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_529_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["1119-3077"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1119-3077","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}}}