{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:02:57Z","timestamp":1787169777709,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Determining the etiology, epidemiology, pattern, and treatment of nasal bone fractures and the associated soft tissue injuries in a population will be beneficial for the prevention, rapid and correct diagnosis, and adequate management of this pathology in order to minimize postoperative complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study retrospectively evaluated the patients admitted and treated for nasal bone fractures in a university clinic of oral and maxillofacial surgery in Romania over a 10-year period. Following statistical analysis, evaluation and correlation of the monitored variables, a P value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nasal bone fractures had the highest incidence among men (88.30%), aged 20\u201329 years (33.33%), with no education (33.33%), interpersonal violence being the main cause in this category of patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005). In urban environment (55.9%), nasal bone fractures through aggression and road traffic accidents were predominant, while in rural areas (44.10%), those caused by domestic accidents and animal attacks prevailed (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.551). Nondisplaced (81.10%), closed (85.60%) and involving the nasal septum fractures (51.35%) were preponderant. Hematoma was the most frequent associated soft tissue injury (86.49%), its incidence being increased in the case of displaced (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.000) and open fractures (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.692). The most frequent treatment method was close nasal reduction (CNR) + closed septoplasty (51.35%). The most frequent complication was malunion (7.2%), secondary to CNR without septoplasty (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.037).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main etiology of nasal bone fractures was interpersonal violence, which mainly affected men, aged 20\u201339 years, with a low level of education, living in urban areas. Implementing laws to fight interpersonal aggression and increase the education level of the population would lead to a considerable reduction in the incidence of this pathology. Patients treated by CNR + closed septoplasty and ORIF had the best postoperative evolution. Immediate septoplasty in the case of associated septal fractures significantly decreased the rate of postoperative complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_52_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T05:31:44Z","timestamp":1636954304000},"page":"1674-1681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Etiology, pattern, and treatment of nose fractures: A 10-year cross-sectional cohort retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Juncar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Oradea, Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PA","family":"Tent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Oradea, Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RI","family":"Juncar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Oradea, Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Harangus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Rivis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine, Discipline of Oral Surgery, 2\u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1641713","article-title":"A five-year retrospective cohort study analyzing factors influencing complications after nasal trauma","volume":"12","author":"Andrades","year":"2019","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"key":"R2-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003477","article-title":"Etiology of nasal bone fractures","volume":"28","author":"Hwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"R3-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200603000-00010","article-title":"Analysis of nasal bone fractures; a six-year study of 503 patients","volume":"17","author":"Hwang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"R4-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e251","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005240","article-title":"Correlation between soft tissue injury and the type of nasal fracture based on stranc-robertson classification","volume":"30","author":"Jeon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"R5-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31822ec934","article-title":"Etiology and patterns of facial lacerations and their possible association with underlying maxillofacial fractures","volume":"22","author":"Roccia","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"R6-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1177\/2292550317749535","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of plain film, ultrasonography, and computed tomography in nasal bone fractures: A systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Hwang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plast Surg (Oakv)"},{"key":"R7-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cxom.2019.04.002","article-title":"Management of nasal fractures","volume":"27","author":"Fattahi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"R8-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003482","article-title":"Complications of nasal bone fractures","volume":"28","author":"Hwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"R9-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.9.1.40","article-title":"Patient satisfaction after closed reduction of nasal fractures","volume":"9","author":"Hung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"R10-20251006","first-page":"373","article-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. 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