{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:33:45Z","timestamp":1787924025849,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recurrent corneal erosion (RCE) syndrome is characterized by recurrent corneal epithelium detachment, and patients with RCE usually experience sudden onset unilateral ocular pain upon awakening from sleep. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of risk factors and clinical course of RCE syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective chart review was performed at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, focusing on RCE patients. The study included 28 individuals who met the inclusion criteria, ensuring a comprehensive examination of RCE cases. Data collection was meticulous using the Phoenix system and Microsoft Excel data sheets, and the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-eight patients with RCE were included in the study. The causes of RCE varied and included trauma, map dot fingerprint dystrophy (MDF), fingernail-related issues, and other unknown factors. The number of RCE recurrences ranged from 1 to 4 times, and the duration of recurrence ranged from 1 to 48 months. Treatment modalities included superficial keratectomy, photorefractive keratectomy, phototherapeutic keratectomy, antibiotic eye drops and ointments, and hyaluronic acid eye drop substitutes. There was no significant difference (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05) in patients\u2019 clinical profiles between trauma-related and MDF-related cases. Furthermore, no significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05) correlation was observed between RCE recurrence duration and other factors, including gender, position of RCE, past ocular history, past medical history, initiating causative factors, and treatment approaches.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trauma, including fingernail injuries and MDF, was the most important and prevalent causative\/risk factor. However, a nonsignificant correlation was observed between recurrence duration and risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_550_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T05:00:15Z","timestamp":1787720415000},"page":"931-936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk Factors and Clinical Course of Patients with Recurrent Corneal Erosion: A Single-Center Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Showail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Alasmari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000111","article-title":"Clinical presentation and causes of recurrent corneal erosion syndrome: Review of 100 patients","volume":"33","author":"Diez-Feij\u00f3o","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R2-20260828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200011000-00001","article-title":"Recurrent erosions of the cornea: Epidemiology and treatment","volume":"19","author":"Reidy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R3-20260828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2010.11.006","article-title":"Recurrent erosion syndrome\u2013the patient\u2019s perspective","volume":"34","author":"Moutray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"R4-20260828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2007.10.011","article-title":"Recurrent corneal erosion syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Das","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-20260828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3213","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-023-02490-3","article-title":"The incidence and prevalence of recurrent corneal erosion syndrome in London, UK","volume":"37","author":"Balal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R7-20260828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32832c9716","article-title":"Review of diagnosis and management of recurrent erosion syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Ewald","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20260828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702005","article-title":"Pathogenesis, clinical features and management of recurrent corneal erosions","volume":"20","author":"Ramamurthi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R9-20260828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14964","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014964","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors of recurrent corneal erosion: Observational study","volume":"98","author":"Nanba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R10-20260828","first-page":"1504","article-title":"Clinical presentation and causes of recurrent corneal erosion syndrome-a review of 100 patients","volume":"55","author":"Duran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"S202","key":"R11-20260828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1992.tb02162.x","article-title":"Adhesive mechanisms of the corneal epithelium","volume":"70","author":"Gipson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-20260828","first-page":"850","article-title":"Recurrent erosion","volume":"82","author":"Wood","year":"1984","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"R13-20260828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S157430","article-title":"Recurrent corneal erosion: A comprehensive review","volume":"13","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R14-20260828","first-page":"CD001861","article-title":"Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions","volume":"7","author":"Watson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R15-20260828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-001-0595-4","article-title":"[Phototherapeutic keratectomy for recurrent corneal erosion syndrome (e-PTK). 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