{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:19:24Z","timestamp":1787771964338,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The assessments of left ventricular (LV) longitudinal systolic dynamics in children with ventricular septal defect (VSD) have achieved a major milestone in the evaluation of LV systolic function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the LV function, LV mass (LVM), and the descending aorta blood flow in children with VSD compared to that obtained in age and sex-matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean LVM of the control, 113.5 \u00b1 123.9 was higher than that of those who had VSD, 75.8 \u00b1 83.9, and the difference in mean was found to be statistically significant (Mann\u2013Whitney U = 2.322,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.022). The mean EF of the control, 67.9 \u00b1 10.3 was comparable to that of those with VSD, 65.6 \u00b1 13.9, (Student\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.223,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.223). Similarly, the mean descending aorta blood flow of control, 1.6 \u00b1 2.2 was comparable to that of those with VSD, 3.9 \u00b1 16.1, (Mann\u2013Whitney U = 1.002,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.321). There was a very weak positive correlation between LVM and descending aorta blood flow among the subjects (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 85,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.117,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.425). There was a very weak negative correlation between LVM and descending aorta blood flow among control. (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 85,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u20130.065,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.609).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The LVM among children with VSD is lower than controls but there is no difference between LV function in subjects and controls. There is a linear increase of LVM with descending aorta blood flow.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_560_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T23:00:52Z","timestamp":1708988452000},"page":"202-208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Echocardiographic Comparison of Left Ventricular Systolic Function and Aortic Blood Flow Velocimetry in Children with Ventricular Septal Defect"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"JM","family":"Chinawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku\/Ozalla and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku, Ozalla Enugu State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"EN","family":"Ossai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Ebonyi State University Abakiliki, Parklane Enugu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AT","family":"Chinawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, ESUCOM, Parklane Enugu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JT","family":"Onyia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku\/Ozalla and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku, Ozalla Enugu State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PU","family":"Chime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku\/Ozalla and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku, Ozalla Enugu State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"OA","family":"Onyia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Itulku-Ozalla, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AE","family":"Aronu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku\/Ozalla and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku, Ozalla Enugu State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2018.0064","article-title":"Interventional cardiology for congenital heart disease","volume":"48","author":"Kenny","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean Circ J"},{"key":"R3-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966217","DOI":"10.1080\/19932820.2021.1966217","article-title":"Compendium of cardiac diseases among children presenting in tertiary institutions in southern Nigeria:A rising trend","volume":"16","author":"Chinawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Libyan J Med"},{"key":"R4-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.18-066","article-title":"Medically treated ventricular septal perforation caused by Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy","volume":"60","author":"Narita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Heart J"},{"key":"R5-20240907","first-page":"1298","article-title":"Ventricular septal defect. Lancet 2011;377:1103-12. Van Praagh R, Geva T, Kreutzer J. Ventricular septal defects: How shall we describe, name and classify them?","volume":"14","author":"Penny","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R6-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-009-9147-9","article-title":"Echocardiography in the assessment of left ventricular longitudinal systolic function:Current methodology and clinical applications","volume":"15","author":"Zac\u00e0","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"R7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2017.00101","article-title":"Left ventricular hypertrophy in pediatric hypertension:A mini review","volume":"5","author":"Woroniecki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"R8-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.06.003","article-title":"LVM assessed by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance, cardiovascular outcomes, and medical practice","volume":"5","author":"Armstrong","year":"2012","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"R9-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.112.974931","article-title":"Increased left ventricular mass as a predictor of sudden cardiac death:is it time to put it to the test?","volume":"6","author":"Stevens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"R10-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(04)00818-0","article-title":"Association of inappropriate left ventricular mass with systolic and diastolic dysfunction:The HyperGEN study","volume":"17","author":"de Simone","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"R11-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.06.016","article-title":"Coarctation of the aorta:Lifelong surveillance is mandatory following surgical repair","volume":"62","author":"Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R12-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2015.05.014","article-title":"Three-dimensional echocardiographic en face views of ventricular septal defects:Feasibility, accuracy, imaging protocols and reference image collection","volume":"28","author":"Cossor","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"R13-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew335","article-title":"Recommendations on the echocardiographic assessment of aortic valve stenosis:A focused update from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography","volume":"18","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"R14-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14511","article-title":"Echocardiographic evaluation of ventricular septal defects","volume":"37","author":"Nayak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"R16-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.01.011","article-title":"Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography:An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"29","author":"Nagueh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"R17-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951100006582","article-title":"Left ventricular function in adolescents and adults with restrictive ventricular septal defect and moderate left-to-right shunting","volume":"10","author":"Magee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"R18-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s43044-019-0001-7","article-title":"Assessment of left ventricular systolic function after VSD transcatheter device closure using speckle tracking echocardiography","volume":"71","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Egypt Heart J"},{"key":"R19-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.54.2.294","article-title":"Left heart volume characteristics following ventricular septal defect closure in infancy","volume":"54","author":"Dykes","year":"1976","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R20-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.01.208","article-title":"Clinical course and potential complications of small ventricular septal defects in adulthood:Late development of left ventricular dysfunction justifies lifelong care","volume":"208","author":"Theodoros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"R21-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000034740.99323.8A","article-title":"Prognosis of inappropriate left ventricular mass in hypertension:The MAVI Study","volume":"40","author":"de Simone","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R22-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.31.5.1077","article-title":"Interaction between body size and cardiac workload:influence on left ventricular mass during body growth and adulthood","volume":"31","author":"de Simone","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R23-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.34.5.1032","article-title":"Ambulatory blood pressure and metabolic abnormalities in hypertensive subjects with inappropriately high left ventricular mass [published erratum appears in Hypertension 2000;36:147]","volume":"34","author":"Palmieri","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R24-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.38.1.13","article-title":"Link of nonhemodynamic factors to hemodynamic determinants of left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"38","author":"de Simone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R25-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)01379-5","article-title":"Inappropriate left ventricular mass in normotensive and hypertensive patients","volume":"87","author":"Celentano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"R26-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200106000-00017","article-title":"Appropriate or inappropriate left ventricular mass in the presence or absence of prognostically adverse left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"19","author":"Mureddu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"R27-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.26.6.979","article-title":"Gender differences in left ventricular growth","volume":"26","author":"Giovanni","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R28-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2012.07.003","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"38","author":"Fairweather","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"key":"R29-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2342-9-2","article-title":"Age and gender specific normal values of left ventricular mass, volume and function for gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging:a cross sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Cain","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"R30-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.75.1.106","article-title":"Blood pressure and echocardiographic measures in children:the Bogalusa Heart Study","volume":"75","author":"Burke","year":"1987","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R31-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.85.5.1661","article-title":"Sex differences in the determinants of left ventricular mass in childhood:The Medical College of Virginia Twin Study","volume":"85","author":"Goble","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R32-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1159\/000194272","article-title":"Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Induced by Reduced Aortic Compliance","volume":"46","author":"Ioannou","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vasc Res"},{"key":"R33-20240907","first-page":"424","article-title":"Use of the pulse pressure method for estimating total arterial compliance in vivo","volume":"276","author":"Stergiopulos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"R34-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318061","article-title":"Arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk in hypertension","volume":"128","author":"Boutouyrie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"R35-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5720758","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5720758","article-title":"Pathological left ventricular hypertrophy and stem cells:Current evidence and new perspectives","volume":"2016","author":"Marketou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"R36-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.26599\/1671-5411.2023.02.005","article-title":"Ascending aorta dilatation reduces the influence of elevated pulse pressure on left ventricular hypertrophy:Findings from a Chinese elderly hypertensive population","volume":"20","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Geriatr Cardiol"},{"key":"R37-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1177\/1591019917701100","article-title":"Aneurysm size and the Windkessel effect:An analysis of contrast intensity in digital subtraction angiography","volume":"23","author":"Hussein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Interv Neuroradiol"},{"key":"R38-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.08.057","article-title":"Effects of patent ductus arteriosus on organ blood flow in infants born very preterm:A prospective study with serial echocardiography","volume":"216","author":"Hsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_560_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:22:27Z","timestamp":1787768547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_560_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_560_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["1119-3077","2229-7731"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1119-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"2229-7731","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-28","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-27","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}