{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:26:31Z","timestamp":1786739191327,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pilot study aimed to evaluate the impact of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery on olfactory function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 12 adult patients (7 male, 5 female; mean age 24.5 \u00b1 5.6 years) who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery for Class III malocclusion were included. Olfactory function was assessed preoperatively (T0), 1 month postoperatively (T1), and 3 months postoperatively (T2) using the T-Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (T-NOSE) scale for nasal obstruction symptoms and the Sniffin\u2019 Sticks Threshold, Discrimination, Identification (TDI) test for olfactory performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Analysis Used:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance with a significance level of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05. Pairwise comparisons were conducted using Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc tests to control for multiple comparisons.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The T-NOSE scale showed a significant reduction in nasal obstruction symptoms between T0 and T2 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). The Sniffin\u2019 Sticks TDI scores significantly improved between T0 and both T1 and T2 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Specifically, the threshold test showed statistically significant differences between the preoperative and both postoperative time points (T0-T1 and T0-T2). Although no statistical significance was found in the Discrimination and Identification subtests, a trend toward improvement was observed post-surgery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bimaxillary orthognathic surgery appears to have a positive influence on olfactory function, as observed by improvements in both subjective (T-NOSE scale) and objective (Sniffin\u2019 Sticks TDI) measures. However, these observations should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size and limited follow-up period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_63_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T14:00:14Z","timestamp":1764424814000},"page":"1290-1296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the Effects of Orthognathic Surgery on Olfactory Function: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Bulut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Hezenci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, 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