{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:43:23Z","timestamp":1786653803859,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The lips serve crucial functions for the face, including facial expression, speech, eating, and esthetics. Surgeons who repair or reconstruct facial deformities often rely on the anatomy and dimensions of these structures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to collect diverse data on lip morphology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>College of Dentistry, Jazan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current study included randomly selected Saudi adults with complete dentition with ages ranging from 18 to 30 years. The lips or their surrounding areas of patients with abnormalities, malformations, deformities, inflammation, trauma, or surgical scars (cleft lip operations) were omitted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Average lip size of male and female population in Jazan, KSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Sample Size:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>400 (200 males and 200 females).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean height of the upper vermilion was 14.38 mm in males and 13.78 mm in females. The height of the upper lip (Sn-Sto) was measured, with males having a mean value of 24.05 \u00b1 4.02 mm (range, 15\u201332 mm) and females having a mean value of 20.66 \u00b1 4.12 mm. The difference between the sexes was statistically significant. The medial vertical height of the cutaneous lower lip (Li-SI) of females had a mean value of 10.63 \u00b1 1.59 mm, and that of males had a mean value of 11.55 \u00b1 2.25 mm. The height of the lower lip of males was 20.28 \u00b1 5.2 mm and that of females was 16.95 \u00b1 3.03 mm, and the differences were statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant differences in lip measurements between males and females (indicating sexual dimorphism) were observed. Additionally, the upper vermilion tends to be thinner than the lower vermilion in both sexes, with this being the most prominent feature of the region. Furthermore, the height of the cutaneous upper lip was greater than that of the cutaneous lower lip, and the medial vertical height of the upper lip was greater than that of the lower lip in both sexes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_64_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T00:54:04Z","timestamp":1743296044000},"page":"195-202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study of Lip Anthropology in Young Adult Males and Females in Jazan, Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"MMH","family":"Bakri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AAA","family":"Hezam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RAA","family":"Hazzazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FAH","family":"Khormi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SMA","family":"Alhussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FHJ","family":"Alabdali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YFY","family":"Alrefaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FM","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32602","article-title":"Elements of morphology: Standard terminology for the lips, mouth, and oral region","volume":"149A","author":"Carey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"R2-20260423","first-page":"129","article-title":"Unilateral cleft lip and nasal repair: Techniques and principles","volume":"21","author":"Meara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran J Pediatr"},{"key":"R3-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2005.05.004","article-title":"The average values of the nasal anthropometric measurements in 108 young Turkish males","volume":"33","author":"Uzun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Laryn\u00d7"},{"key":"R4-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2010.12.002","article-title":"The influence of involuntary facial movements on craniofacial anthropometry: A survey using a three-dimensional photographic system","volume":"50","author":"L\u00fcbbers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R5-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S1073-8746(95)80097-2","article-title":"Selected aspects of the art and science of facial esthetics","volume":"1","author":"Peck","year":"1995","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"R6-20260423","first-page":"89","article-title":"Midline nasal ergonomics of north Indian males, a baseline study","volume":"46","author":"Parwati","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Anat Soc Ind"},{"key":"R7-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(84)90185-4","article-title":"A soft-tissue cephalometric analysis and its use in orthodontic treatment planning. Part II","volume":"85","author":"Holdaway","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"R8-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-9975.2001.20104.x","article-title":"Digitized three-dimensional analysis of normal dento-labial relationships","volume":"2","author":"Ferrario","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"R9-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8364","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44655-9","article-title":"Subjectivity and complexity of facial attractiveness","volume":"9","author":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-Berganza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R13-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2009.03.013","article-title":"Proportions in the upper lip-lower lip-chin area of the lower face as determined by photogrammetric method","volume":"38","author":"Anic-Milosevic","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R14-20260423","first-page":"406","article-title":"The association of normal mouth opening with gender and height","volume":"10","author":"Rahmania","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int Dent Med Res"},{"key":"R15-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(84)90276-8","article-title":"Anthropometric proportions in the upper lip-lower lip-chin area of the lower face in young white adults","volume":"86","author":"Farkas","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"R16-20260423","first-page":"525","article-title":"Craniofacial anthropometric norms of Malays","volume":"50","author":"Ngeow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"R17-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.57372","article-title":"Craniofacial anthropometric norms of Malaysian Indians","volume":"20","author":"Ngeow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"key":"R18-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.19781","article-title":"Anthropometeric analysis of lip- nose complex in Indian population","volume":"38","author":"Khanderkar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"key":"R19-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2009.03.013","article-title":"Proportions in the upper lip-lower lip-chin area of the lower face as determined by photogrammetric method","volume":"38","author":"Anic-Milosevic","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R20-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2000.19630415.x","article-title":"Normal growth and development of the lips: A 3-dimensional study from 6 years to adulthood using a geometric model","volume":"196","author":"Ferrario","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"R21-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1177\/0025802414524382","article-title":"Lip morphometry in 600 North Indian adults: A data base study for sexual dimorphism","volume":"55","author":"Goel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Law"}],"container-title":["Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_64_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:42:29Z","timestamp":1786650149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_64_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_64_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["1119-3077","2229-7731"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1119-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"2229-7731","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-17","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-18","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}