{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:39:59Z","timestamp":1787071199172,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While contemporary pharmaceuticals play a critical role in managing oral infections, there remain persistent concerns regarding their chemical composition and potential adverse effects. This apprehension has led to an increased focus on exploring natural alternatives, particularly herbal substances, for their potential therapeutic benefits in oral health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to examine the antibacterial properties of myrrh oil against common oral bacteria, including Candida, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Staphylococcus aureus, and to assess its suitability as a natural alternative in oral healthcare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral swabs were obtained from 50 individuals from various socioeconomic backgrounds. The isolated organisms were cultivated on different types of media and identified using established microbiological methods. Bacterial growth inhibition was evaluated by culturing subsequent cultures on Muller-Hinton agar with myrrh oil. This agar medium was selected for its suitability in evaluating myrrh oil\u2019s suppressive impact on oral bacteria proliferation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Candida demonstrated abundant proliferation on the control media but showed a reduction in colony-forming units when treated with myrrh oil. E. coli, Klebsiella, and Staphylococcus aureus exhibited decreased growth and suppressed colony formation when exposed to myrrh oil.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that myrrh oil can prevent the growth of oral bacteria, making it a promising natural antibacterial agent for managing oral health. Additional investigations are needed to examine the safety, ideal dosage, and clinical feasibility of this treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_65_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T23:00:10Z","timestamp":1730329210000},"page":"1141-1145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Myrrh Oil as a Natural Antimicrobial Agent Against Oral Pathogens: An In Vitro Research"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Koppolu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Periodontics and Implantology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HF","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, KSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SM","family":"AlQasem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, KSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RAA","family":"AlShaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, KSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HK","family":"AlAjmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, KSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Afroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, KSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LA","family":"Swapna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, KSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2010.03.002","article-title":"Microbiology of dental plaque biofilms and their role in oral health and caries","volume":"54","author":"Marsh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R2-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S204","DOI":"10.4103\/ccd.ccd_869_17","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of silver nanoparticles and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate when used alone and in combination assessed using agar diffusion method: An in vitro study","volume":"9","author":"Charannya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Dent"},{"key":"R3-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-35-1-5","article-title":"Age-related microbiological changes in the salivary and plaque microflora of healthy adults","volume":"35","author":"Percival","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R4-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1994.tb00020.x","article-title":"Microbial etiological agents of destructive periodontal diseases","volume":"5","author":"Haffajee","year":"1994","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R5-20260427","first-page":"56","article-title":"Probiotics and medical nutrition therapy","volume":"7","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Care"},{"key":"R6-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"FSO458","DOI":"10.2144\/fsoa-2019-0121","article-title":"Antibiotic in myrrh from Commiphora molmol preferentially kills nongrowing bacteria","volume":"6","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Sci OA"},{"key":"R7-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-020-0958-3","article-title":"Bactericidal activity of Myrrh extracts and two dosage forms against standard bacterial strains and multidrug-resistant clinical isolates with GC\/MS profiling","volume":"10","author":"Khalil","year":"2020","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"key":"R8-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2012.03216.x","article-title":"The additive and synergistic antimicrobial effects of select frankincense and myrrh oils - 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A review of the current scenario and its future needs","volume":"9","author":"Chandra Shekar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharm Rev"}],"container-title":["Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_65_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:42:59Z","timestamp":1787067779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_65_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_65_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["1119-3077","2229-7731"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1119-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"2229-7731","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-18","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-09","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}