{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:33:23Z","timestamp":1787762003869,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In COVID-19 patients, besides changes in leucocyte count, morphological abnormalities of circulating blood cells have been reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to investigate the relationship between the morphological and functional properties of leucocytes and the severity of the disease in COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Blood samples were collected from COVID-19 patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 130) at the time of admission. The patients were stratified according to the comorbidity, age, LDH, lymhocyte count score as mild, moderate, and severe. Complete blood count and the cell population data were analyzed by the Volume, conductivity, scatter (VCS) technology on Beckman Coulter LH-780 hematology analyzer. Kruskal\u2013Wal`lis test was used to assess the differences between the groups with subsequent Bonferroni correction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neutrophil count was increased, and lymphocyte count was decreased in severe patients compared to mild patients. The increase in the percent of neutrophils and the neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio in the severe patient group was significant in comparison to both the moderate and the mild group. The dispersion of the neutrophil volume and conductivity showed significant changes depending on the severity of the disease. The lymphocyte volume, lymphocyte-volume-SD and lymphocyte-conductivity as well as the monocyte-volume and monocyte-volume-SD were significantly increased in severe patients in comparison to mild patients. The increase of lymphocyte and monocyte volume in severe patients was also significant in comparison to moderate patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID-19 infection leads to important changes in cell population data of leucocytes. The volumetric changes in lymphocytes and monocytes are related to the severity of the disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_737_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T06:00:56Z","timestamp":1689314456000},"page":"771-778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Leucocyte Volume, Conductivity, and Scatter at Presentation in COVID-19 Patients"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"M","family":"\u00d6rmen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6G","family":"Doruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"G\u00f6zg\u00f6z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Kutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Nurcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chest Diseases, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Sevin\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chest Diseases, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6","family":"Appak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"OE","family":"Kutsoylu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Bayraktar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Diseases, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Yantural\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Tuncel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R2-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13229","article-title":"COVID-19 and the clinical hematology laboratory","volume":"42","author":"Frater","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"R3-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13381","article-title":"The hematology laboratory's response to the COVID-19 pandemic:A scoping review","volume":"43","author":"Bell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"R4-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092332","article-title":"Neutrophil maturation, reactivity and granularity research parameters to characterize and differentiate convalescent patients from active SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"10","author":"Kwiecie\u0144","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"R5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-1414","article-title":"IFCC Interim Guidelines on biochemical\/hematological monitoring of COVID-19 patients","volume":"58","author":"Thompson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"R6-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106504","article-title":"The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR, d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients","volume":"84","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"R7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12010122","article-title":"The predictive role of NLR, d-NLR, MLR, and SIRI in COVID-19 mortality","volume":"12","author":"Citu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"R8-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-021-01728-0","article-title":"Call, chosen, HA2T2, ANDC:Validation of four severity scores in COVID-19 patients","volume":"50","author":"Wolfisberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"R9-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13926","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13926","article-title":"Validation of pneumonia prognostic scores in a statewide cohort of hospitalised patients with COVID-19","volume":"75","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"R10-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2020.153063","article-title":"Atypical lymphocyte morphology in SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"216","author":"El Jamal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"R11-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16730","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2:A new aetiology for atypical lymphocytes","volume":"189","author":"G\u00e9rard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"R12-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25824","article-title":"Morphological anomalies of circulating blood cells in COVID-19","volume":"95","author":"Zini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"R13-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4103\/JLP.JLP_124_17","article-title":"Automated hematology analyzers:Recent trends and applications","volume":"10","author":"Chhabra","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Lab Physicians"},{"key":"R14-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-553X.2009.01202.x","article-title":"Mean cell volume of neutrophils and monocytes compared with C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and white blood cell count for prediction of sepsis and nonsystemic bacterial infections","volume":"32","author":"Mardi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"R15-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066616682940","article-title":"Cytomorphometric neutrophil and monocyte markers may strengthen the diagnosis of sepsis","volume":"33","author":"Mammen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"R16-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2018-0979","article-title":"Improvement in detecting sepsis using leukocyte cell population data (CPD)","volume":"57","author":"Urrechaga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"R17-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-19-3173","article-title":"Reviewing the value of leukocytes cell population data (CPD) in the management of sepsis","volume":"8","author":"Urrechaga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"R18-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.5858\/2006-130-378-NVDWAN","article-title":"Neutrophil volume distribution width:A new automated hematologic parameter for acute infection","volume":"130","author":"Chaves","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"R19-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.05.039","article-title":"Improved early detection of sepsis in the ED with a novel monocyte distribution width biomarker","volume":"152","author":"Crouser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R20-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12002","article-title":"Neutrophil volume, conductivity and scatter parameters with effective modeling of molecular activity statistical program gives better results in neonatal sepsis","volume":"35","author":"Celik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"R21-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12754","article-title":"Efficacy of new leukocyte parameters versus serum C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and interleukin-6 in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis","volume":"58","author":"\u00c7elik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"R22-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.69","article-title":"Utility of neutrophil volume conductivity scatter (VCS) parameter changes as sepsis screen in neonates","volume":"36","author":"Abiramalatha","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"R23-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61434-z","article-title":"Neutrophil volume, conductivity and scatter (VCS) as a screening tool in neonatal sepsis","volume":"10","author":"Nesargi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R24-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-553X.2011.01394.x","article-title":"Neutrophil cell population data:Useful indicators for postsurgical bacterial infection","volume":"34","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"R25-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.03.026","article-title":"Utility of neut-X, neut-Y and neut-Z parameters for rapidly assessing sepsis in tumor patients","volume":"422","author":"Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"R26-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2016.05.032","article-title":"The VCS parameters:Potential hematological indicators for predicting antituberculosis drug-induced neutropenia","volume":"459","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"R27-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369798","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1369798","article-title":"The Leukocyte VCS parameters compared with procalcitonin, \u0131nterleukin-6, and soluble hemoglobin scavenger receptor sCD163 for prediction of sepsis in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"2019","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"key":"R28-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-015-2499-2","article-title":"VCS parameters of neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes may indicate local bacterial infection in cancer patients who accepted cytotoxic chemotherapeutics","volume":"35","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"R29-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12116","article-title":"LH750 hematology analyzers to identify malaria and dengue and distinguish them from other febrile illnesses","volume":"36","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"R30-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trw028","article-title":"Quantitative and volume, conductivity and scatter changes in leucocytes of patients with acute undifferentiated febrile illness:A pilot study","volume":"110","author":"Kalra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R31-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/try012","article-title":"Evaluation of haematological and volume, conductivity and scatter parameters of leucocytes for aetiological diagnosis of undifferentiated fevers","volume":"111","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R32-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/joah.joah_59_17","article-title":"Applicability of volume conductivity and scatter parameters for early detection of Dengue Virus Infection","volume":"9","author":"Jaykar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Appl Hematol"},{"key":"R33-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13312","article-title":"Interest of the cellular population data analysis as an aid in the early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"43","author":"Vasse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"R34-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-1529","article-title":"Hemocytometric characteristics of COVID-19 patients with and without cytokine storm syndrome on the sysmex XN-10 hematology analyzer","volume":"59","author":"Martens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R35-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13395","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic utility of WBC counts and cell population data in patients with COVID-19","volume":"43","author":"Naoum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"R36-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13368","article-title":"Cell population data:Could a routine hematology analyzer aid in the differential diagnosis of COVID-19?","volume":"43","author":"Lapi\u0107","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"R37-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e266","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13323","article-title":"Monocyte volumetric parameters and lymph index are increased in SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"42","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"R38-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa414","article-title":"Prediction for progression risk in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia:The CALL score","volume":"71","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R39-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614586","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.614586","article-title":"Pathological findings in COVID-19 as a tool to define SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Mondello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"R40-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.001","article-title":"Severe COVID-19 \u0131s marked by a dysregulated myeloid cell compartment","volume":"182","author":"Schulte-Schrepping","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R41-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003568","article-title":"A neutrophil activation signature predicts critical illness and mortality in COVID-19","volume":"5","author":"Meizlish","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"R42-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16867","article-title":"High-fluorescent lymphocytes are increased in patients with COVID-19","volume":"190","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"R43-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.06.002","article-title":"Elevated monocyte distribution width in COVID-19 patients:The contribution of the novel sepsis indicator","volume":"509","author":"Ognibene","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"R44-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-07016-4","article-title":"Monocyte distribution width as a novel sepsis indicator in COVID-19 patients","volume":"22","author":"Alsuwaidi","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"R45-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102964","article-title":"Monocyte activation in systemic Covid-19 infection:Assay and rationale","volume":"59","author":"Martinez","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"R46-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1009127","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009127","article-title":"Lipid droplets fuel SARS-CoV-2 replication and production of inflammatory mediators","volume":"16","author":"Dias","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"R47-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e236117","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-236117","article-title":"Morphology of COVID-19-affected cells in peripheral blood film","volume":"13","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"}],"container-title":["Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_737_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:14:21Z","timestamp":1787760861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_737_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_737_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["1119-3077","2229-7731"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1119-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"2229-7731","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-26","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-03","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}