{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:34:40Z","timestamp":1790606080983,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex determination from the bones is of great importance for forensic medicine and anthropology. The mandible is highly valued because it is the strongest, largest and most dimorphic bone in the skull.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our aim in this study is gender estimation with morphometric measurements taken from mandibular lingula, an important structure on the mandible, by using machine learning algorithms and artificial neural networks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cone beam computed tomography images of the mandibular lingula were obtained by retrospective scanning from the Picture Archiving Communication Systems of the Department of Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University. Images scanned in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format were transferred to RadiAnt DICOM Viewer (Version: 2020.2). The images were converted to 3-D format by using the 3D Volume Rendering console of the program. Eight anthropometric parameters were measured bilaterally from these 3-D images based on the mandibular lingula.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of the machine learning algorithms analyzed showed that the highest accuracy was 0.88 with Random Forest and Gaussian Naive Bayes algorithm. Accuracy rates of other parameters ranged between 0.78 and 0.88.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As a result of the study, it is thought that mandibular lingula-centered morphometric measurements can be used for gender determination as well as bones such as the pelvis and skull as they were found to be highly accurate. This study also provides information on the anatomical position of the lingula according to gender in Turkish society. The results can be important for oral-dental surgeons, anthropologists, and forensic experts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_787_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T03:00:07Z","timestamp":1719630007000},"page":"732-738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Gender Estimation from Morphometric Measurements of Mandibular Lingula by Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"D","family":"\u015eenol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, D\u00fczce University Faculty of Medicine, D\u00fczce, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Bodur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Zonguldak B\u00fclent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Se\u00e7gin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Karab\u00fck University Faculty of Medicine Karab\u00fck, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"\u015eencan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015eB","family":"Duman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University Faculty of Dentistry, Malatya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z","family":"\u00d6ner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, \u0130zmir Bak\u0131r\u00e7ay University Faculty of Medicine \u0130zmir, 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