{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:01:59Z","timestamp":1787169719900,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rising global public health threat. Knowledge of the circulating pathogens in a particular area and their antibiotic resistance profile is essential to direct clinicians on rational antibiotic prescribing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was conducted to determine the microbial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of pathogens from a range of clinical samples in a tertiary hospital in Edo Central Senatorial District in Edo State, Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was a retrospective analysis of microbiological isolates from clinical specimens collected between January 2016 and December 2019, using standard techniques from outpatient clinic attendees. Chi-square test was used to compare the association of the type of bacterial isolates with patients' sex and level of significance P set as &lt; 0.05. Prevalence rates of bacterial isolates and resistance rates were calculated for each antibiotic used in the microbiological culture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 3,247 clinical specimens processed, 994 (30.6%) showed microbial growth with 436 (43.9%) as gram-positive and 558 (56.1%) as gram-negative bacterial isolates.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) made up 286 (28.8%) of all the isolates. Resistance to cotrimoxazole, tetracycline and cloxacilin for gram-poisitive pathogens was 93.1%, 86.4% and 72.5% respectively. For gram-negative pathogens, resistance to amoxycilin, cloxacilin and erythromycin was 100%, 96.9% and 95.6% respectively. Sensitivity to carbapenems, nitrofurantoin, and cefixime was high for gram-negative bacteria (100.0 %,76.8 % and 82.5 % respectively). Gram-positive bacteria exhibited high sensitivity to carbapenems ceftriaxone and cefixime.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High rates of resistance to common antibiotics were observed for gram-positive and gram-negative isolates. Hospital pharmacies and treatment guidelines should be made to reflect the current patterns of resistance to available antibiotics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_8_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T00:57:26Z","timestamp":1692579446000},"page":"1225-1233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns in Clinical Isolates from the Out-Patient Departments of a Tertiary Hospital in 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