{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:26:52Z","timestamp":1787758012408,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The face is highly vulnerable to traumatic injuries, with the zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) frequently fractured due to its prominent position. Postoperative swelling after ZMC surgery can lead to discomfort, limited mouth opening, and aesthetic concerns. Reduction methods include medications such as corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), enzyme preparations, and non-pharmacological approaches such as manual lymph drainage, cryotherapy, and head elevation. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), also known as cold laser therapy, has shown promise in reducing postoperative swelling. LLLT uses low-energy lasers (10\u2013500 mW) in the red to near-infrared spectrum (660\u2013905 nm) to penetrate tissues, promoting lymphatic drainage and tissue repair. It modulates inflammatory responses, increases ATP production, and enhances microcirculation. LLLT\u2019s non-invasive nature and its ability to reduce swelling and promote healing make it a valuable adjunctive therapy. In this study, LLLT was used for managing postoperative swelling after ZMC fractures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of our study was to determine the effect of LLLT on postoperative swelling after surgical management of a ZMC fracture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was performed at Krishna Hospital and School of Dental Sciences and included 46 patients with ZMC fractures, diagnosed via 3D CT facial scans. Patients, aged 20\u201350 years, were randomly assigned to two groups: one received LLLT postoperatively, while the other did not. All patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation surgery under general anesthesia with standardized postoperative medications. Swelling was measured using tape measurements between specific facial landmarks. Group one received LLLT of 810 nm at 500 mW for 17 minutes twice daily for 4 days, with evaluations on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and after 1 month. LLLT was administered in an isolated room, with both patients and operators wearing protective eyewear. Measurements were taken by a different operator to minimize bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study evaluated LLLT on postoperative swelling in patients with ZMC fractures. We observed significant reductions in ala-tragus and outer canthus to mandible measurements in the LLLT group compared to the control. The LLLT group showed a consistent and significant decrease in swelling over 30 days, especially notable in the ala-tragus measurements, indicating LLLT\u2019s effectiveness in reducing postoperative swelling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study showed that LLLT significantly reduces immediate postoperative swelling in ZMC fractures compared to a control group. Although long-term swelling reduction was similar, LLLT proved effective in the early postoperative period, highlighting its potential for broader maxillofacial applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.njms_114_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:00:56Z","timestamp":1780491656000},"page":"332-340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of low-level laser therapy on postoperative swelling after surgical management of zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Vidit","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, KVVDU, Karad, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashant","family":"Punde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, KVVDU, Karad, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilesh","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, KVVDU, Karad, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinay Kumar","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, KVVDU, Karad, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepshikha","family":"Bhave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, KVVDU, Karad, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1601372","article-title":"Midface fractures I","volume":"31","author":"Louis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"key":"R2-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2017.06.006","article-title":"Management of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures","volume":"25","author":"Strong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin"},{"key":"R3-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17756","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017756","article-title":"Evaluation of photobiomodulation effects on pain, edema, paresthesia, and bone regeneration after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion: Study protocol for a randomized, controlled, and double blind clinical trial","volume":"98","author":"da Fonseca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"R4-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2007.11.011","article-title":"Effect of the proteolytic enzyme serrapeptase on swelling, pain and trismus after surgical extraction of mandibular third molars","volume":"37","author":"Al-Khateeb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofacl Surg"},{"key":"R5-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(05)80646-0","article-title":"The effect of soft-laser application on postoperative pain and swelling: A double-blind, crossover study","volume":"22","author":"Roynesdal","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R6-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.15171\/jlms.2015.01","article-title":"Types of lasers and their applications in pediatric dentistry","volume":"6","author":"Nazemisalman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"R7-20260604","first-page":"1061","article-title":"Low-level laser therapy in dentistry","volume":"48","author":"Sun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dent Clin"},{"key":"R8-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2015.10.023","article-title":"Efficacy of a single dose of low-level laser therapy in reducing pain, swelling, and trismus following third molar extraction surgery","volume":"45","author":"Landucci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R9-20260604","first-page":"16","article-title":"Soft tissue applications of lasers: A review","volume":"2","author":"Bhandari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Dent Res"},{"key":"R10-20260604","first-page":"e28799","article-title":"Implementation of low-level laser therapy in dentistry: A review","volume":"14","author":"Rathod","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R11-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-011-0454-7","article-title":"The nuts and bolts of low-level laser (light) therapy","volume":"40","author":"Chung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"R12-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(92)90266-3","article-title":"Classification and treatment of zygomatic fractures: A review of 1,025 cases","volume":"50","author":"Zingg","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R13-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-1346-6_56","article-title":"Fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex","author":"Panneerselvam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician"},{"key":"R14-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-14-238","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of postoperative swelling in treatment of zygomatic bone fractures using two different cooling therapy methods: A randomized, observer-blind, prospective study","volume":"14","author":"Modabber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"R15-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.2302\/kjm.42.180","article-title":"Possible application of the laser in immunobiology","volume":"42","author":"Tadakuma","year":"1993","journal-title":"Keio J Med"},{"key":"R16-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150156","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1150156","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation are mediated by cytokines: Evidence from a mouse model of inflammation","volume":"17","author":"Shamloo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"R17-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-021-03298-x","article-title":"Photobiomodulation exerts anti-inflammatory effects on the vascular and cellular phases of experimental inflammatory models","volume":"37","author":"de Souza Costa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"R18-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2007.09.004","article-title":"Low level laser therapy modulates kinin receptors mRNA expression in the subplantar muscle of rat paw subjected to carrageenan-induced inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Bortone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"R19-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-5950.111342","article-title":"Laser in dentistry: An innovative tool in modern dental practice","volume":"3","author":"Verma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Natl J Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R20-20260604","first-page":"9703","article-title":"Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation after carbon dioxide laser: Review of prevention and risk factors","volume":"15","author":"Bin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatol Reports"},{"key":"R21-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-016-0121-1","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of the low-level laser therapy on swelling, pain, and trismus after removal of impacted lower third molar","volume":"12","author":"Alan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"key":"R22-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_38_18","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of the effect of low-level laser therapy on facial swelling after lower third molar surgery: A randomized, placebocontrolled study","volume":"21","author":"Asutay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"R23-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2003.11.008","article-title":"Enhancement of bone formation in rat calvarial bone defects using low-level laser therapy","volume":"97","author":"Khadra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R24-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2007.11.016","article-title":"A comparative study of the effect of using a rubber drain on postoperative discomfort following lower third molar surgery","volume":"37","author":"Chukwuneke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R25-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-117X(79)80037-2","article-title":"The development of a method of assessing swelling following third molar surgery","volume":"17","author":"Holland","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Oral Surg"},{"key":"R26-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.08.027","article-title":"The effect of light-emitting diode (590\/830 nm)- based low-level laser therapy on posttraumatic edema of facial bone fracture patients","volume":"45","author":"Baek","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg"}],"container-title":["National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njms.njms_114_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:00:50Z","timestamp":1787756450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njms.njms_114_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njms.njms_114_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0975-5950","2229-3418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0975-5950","type":"print"},{"value":"2229-3418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-01","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-19","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}