{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:44:20Z","timestamp":1793036660530,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the inferior alveolar nerve block, that is, the Halstead technique, Clark and Holmes technique, Gow Gates technique, and Sargenti technique, for mandibular anesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective, double-blinded, in-vivo study was conducted amongst 100 patients, requiring mandibular anesthesia. These patients were divided into four groups. Parameters assessed were time required for appearance of subjective and objective symptoms and signs, positive aspiration, need for supplementary anesthesia, and ease of administration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The means for subjective symptoms for the four techniques, that is, Halstead technique, Clark and Holmes technique, Gow Gates technique, and Sargenti technique, were 78.44, 120.76, 176.6, and 203.08, respectively. The means for objectives symptoms for the four techniques, that is, Halstead technique, Clark and Holmes technique, Gow Gates technique, and Sargenti technique, were 110.6, 269.8, 287.48, and 154.08, respectively. Halstead technique had statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) faster objective signs than all the other techniques. Supplementary block if required was noted for all four techniques.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Clark and Holmes technique showed maximum complications, while Gow Gates technique was most difficult to administer. The Angelo Sargenti technique gave good results, same as standard Halstead technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.njms_157_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T14:17:32Z","timestamp":1699625852000},"page":"466-470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative evaluation of efficacy of Halstead technique, Clark and Holmes technique, Gow Gates technique, and Sargenti technique for mandibular anesthesia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sayali","family":"Awate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalyani","family":"Bhate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uday","family":"Londhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murtaza","family":"Contractor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tushar","family":"Bhosale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreyas","family":"Lokhande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.128891","article-title":"A basic review on the inferior alveolar nerve block techniques","volume":"8","author":"Khalil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesth Essays Res"},{"key":"R2-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1308\/003588408X261834","article-title":"Inferior alveolar nerve block","volume":"90","author":"Abdel-Galil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"R3-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.17245\/jdapm.2019.19.3.125","article-title":"Alternative techniques for failure of conventional inferior alveolar nerve block","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dent Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"R6-20260512","first-page":"142","article-title":"The Gow-Gates technique for mandibular block anesthesia. A discussion and a mathematical analysis","volume":"34","author":"Kafalias","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anesth Prog"},{"key":"R7-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2011.145","article-title":"Superior position of the mandibular foramen and the necessary alterations in the local anaesthetic anesthetic technique: A case report","volume":"210","author":"Holliday","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"R8-20260512","first-page":"284","article-title":"Study on the location of mandibular foramen and the measurement of sigmoid notch and ramus","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue"},{"key":"R9-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-9668.101896","article-title":"Significance of localization of mandibular foramen in an inferior alveolar nerve block","volume":"3","author":"Thangavelu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nat Sci Biol Med"},{"key":"R10-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2002.0298","article-title":"Failure of inferior alveolar nerve block: Exploring the alternatives","volume":"133","author":"Madan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"R11-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.09.016","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of anesthetic efficacy of Gow-Gates mandibular conduction anesthesia, Vazirani-Akinosi technique, buccal-plus-lingual infiltrations, and conventional inferior alveolar nerve anesthesia in patients with irreversible pulpitis","volume":"109","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R12-20260512","first-page":"183","article-title":"The Gow-Gates mandibular block: Further understanding","volume":"24","author":"Gow-Gates","year":"1977","journal-title":"Anesth Prog"}],"container-title":["National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njms.njms_157_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:25:45Z","timestamp":1786724745000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njms.njms_157_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njms.njms_157_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0975-5950","2229-3418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0975-5950","type":"print"},{"value":"2229-3418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-02","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-05","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}