{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:50:33Z","timestamp":1787061033253,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of antilingula and its relationship with mandibular foramen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, a total of 50 specimens of dry human hemi-mandibles were studied to analyze the presence and relationship of antilingula to mandibular foramen. A 1-mm fissure bur was used to drill a hole perpendicular to bone from the deepest aspect of the concavity at the center of the mandibular foramen from the medial to lateral side, the drill perforated both the medial and lateral cortex of the mandible. The distance from the antilingula to hole was measured and recorded in both antero-posterior and supero-inferior planes. The data were collected and put to statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From this study, it was concluded that the antilingula was present in 90% (n = 45) of mandibles and was absent in 10% (n = 5) of mandibles. Antero-posteriorly, the antilingula was present anterior to mandibular foramen in 22.2% (n = 10) of mandibles, posteriorly in 57.7% (n = 26) of mandibles, and there was complete concordance in 20% (n = 9) of mandibles. The supero-inferior relation shows that antilingula was present superior to mandibular foramen in 97.8% (n = 44) of mandibles, and it was present inferiorly in 2.20 (n = 1) of mandibles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although vertical ramus osteotomy is not a commonly used procedure in these days. From our study, it was concluded that antilingula was present as an elevation in 90% of cases on the lateral ramus border and the mandibular foramen is present inferior and anterior to the antilingula.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.njms_18_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T13:05:35Z","timestamp":1721912735000},"page":"228-232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Presence of antilingula and its relationship to mandibular foramen\u2014An anatomical study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Satnam S.","family":"Jolly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Health Sciences Center, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeevan","family":"Lata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Punjab Government Dental College and Hospital, Amritsar, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi K.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College and Hospital, Amritsar, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchi","family":"Vashist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Oral Health Sciences Center, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-4220(57)80063-2","article-title":"The surgical correction of mandibular prognathism and retrognathia with consideration of genioplasty Part-I: Surgical procedures to correct mandibular prognathism and reshaping of the chin","volume":"10","author":"Trauner","year":"1957","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R2-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-4220(57)80041-3","article-title":"The surgical correction of mandibular prognathism and retrognathia with consideration of genioplasty. Part II. Operating methods for microgenia and distocclusion","volume":"10","author":"Trauner","year":"1957","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R3-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.05.065","article-title":"Accuracy of using the antilingula as a sole determinant of vertical ramus osteotomy position","volume":"65","author":"Aziz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R4-20260507","first-page":"49.","article-title":"The importance of the lingula shape and antilingula Placement in the dry human mandible","volume":"16","author":"Aktan-ikiz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sendrom"},{"key":"R5-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3.","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(61)90240-7","article-title":"Mandibular prognathism","volume":"14","author":"Alling","year":"1961","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R6-20260507","first-page":"199","article-title":"Correction of mandibular prognathism by open, oblique sliding osteotomy of the rami","volume":"23","author":"Alling","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Oral Surg"},{"key":"R7-20260507","first-page":"185.","article-title":"Vertical osteotomy in the mandibular rami for correction of prognathism","volume":"12","author":"Caldwell","year":"1954","journal-title":"J Oral Surg"},{"key":"R8-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23.","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(61)90241-9","article-title":"Oblique osteotomy of the mandibular ramus","volume":"14","author":"Thoma","year":"1964","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R9-20260507","first-page":"8.","article-title":"Open subcondylar osteotomy in the treatment of mandibular deformities","volume":"2","author":"Berenyi","year":"1975","journal-title":"Int J Oral Surg"},{"key":"R10-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.04.021","article-title":"The antilingula. Fact or fiction?","volume":"64","author":"Hogan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R11-20260507","first-page":"333","article-title":"Evaluation and refinement of the intraoral vertical subcondylar osteotomy","volume":"33","author":"Hall","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Oral Surg"},{"key":"R12-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705.","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(76)90182-1","article-title":"The antilingula as an anatomic land-mark in oral surgery","volume":"41","author":"Yates","year":"1979","journal-title":"Oral Surg"},{"key":"R13-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(77)90267-5","article-title":"The incidence and relationship of the lateral ramus prominence to the mandibular foramen","volume":"44","author":"Langstron","year":"1977","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R14-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436.","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(93)90166-2","volume":"75","author":"Martone","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dimorphic study of surgical anatomic landmarks of the lateral ramus of the mandible Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R15-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235.","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(95)90007-1","article-title":"The presence of the antilingula and its Relationship to the true lingual","volume":"33","author":"Pogrel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R16-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-010-0700-y","article-title":"The study of position of antilingula, midwaist of mandibular ramus and midpoint between coronoid process and gonion in relation to lingula of 92 Thai dried mandibles as potential surgical landmarks for vertical ramus osteotomy","volume":"33","author":"Apinhasmit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"R17-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2011.08.009","article-title":"Anatomic study of the mandibular foramen, lingula and antilingula in dry mandibles, and its statistical relationship between the true lingula and the antilingula","volume":"41","author":"Monnazzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R18-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-014-0663-3","article-title":"The study of antilingula and its relation to the lingula and mandibular foramen, the presence of mylohyoid bridging in dry mandibles of South Indian population","volume":"14","author":"Hosapatna","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"key":"R19-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40902-018-0155-3","article-title":"Anatomical study of the location of the antilingula, lingula, and mandibular foramen for vertical ramus osteotomy","volume":"40","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg"}],"container-title":["National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njms.njms_18_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:26:49Z","timestamp":1786724809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njms.njms_18_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njms.njms_18_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0975-5950","2229-3418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0975-5950","type":"print"},{"value":"2229-3418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-19","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-27","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}