{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T03:39:01Z","timestamp":1793417941325,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to look into the relationship between the levels of interferon (IFN) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in individuals with oral lichen planus (OLP)\u2019s serum and saliva.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included a total of 80 participants, separated into two groups: the case group comprising patients diagnosed with OLP and the control group consisting of healthy individuals. Saliva samples (5 ml) were collected from each patient, and blood was extracted from each participant to obtain serum. IFN-\u03b3 and IL-4 levels in serum and saliva were measured quantitatively using cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the case group, the IL-4 mean level in serum was 11.8 \u00b1 7.29, while the control group showed a mean of 15.08 \u00b1 7.5. The overall mean of IL-4 for both groups was 13.44 \u00b1 7.55. With a\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value of 0.012, the variation in mean IL-4 levels between the case and control groups was statistically significant. Similarly, for IFN-\u03b3, the mean level in the serum of the case group was 32.99 \u00b1 33.24, while in the control group, it was 15.46 \u00b1 7.98. The overall mean of IFN-\u03b3 for both groups was 24.22 \u00b1 25.59. With a\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value of 0.001, the difference in mean IFN- levels between the case and control groups was statistically significant. However, no significant association was observed between cytokine levels and age in the study population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings provide important new understandings of the immunological pathways that may play a role in the etiology of oral lichen planus, highlighting the possible involvement of IL-4 and IFN-\u03b3 in this condition. In order to fully comprehend how these cytokines contribute to the onset and progression of oral lichen planus, more investigation is required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.njms_192_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T09:00:26Z","timestamp":1766739626000},"page":"548-554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quantitative analysis of interferon-\u03b3 and interleukin-4 levels in serum and saliva of oral lichen planus patients"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Akhilanand","family":"Chaurasia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjit K.","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreya","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wahid","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rini","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora","family":"Heller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Diagnosis, Cruzeiro do Sul University, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.05.023","article-title":"Assessment of local angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor in the patients with atrophic-erosive and reticular oral lichen planus","volume":"103","author":"Tao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R2-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2002.tb00540.x","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: Causes, diagnosis and management","volume":"47","author":"Sugerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"R3-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.49.89","article-title":"Oral lichen planus and Lichenoid reactions: Etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, management and malignant transformation","volume":"49","author":"Ismail","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Oral Sci"},{"key":"R4-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(00)00142-5","article-title":"Oral lichen planus","volume":"18","author":"Sugerman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"R5-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.06.076","article-title":"Current controversies in oral lichen planus: Report of an international consensus meeting. 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