{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:52:13Z","timestamp":1791298333407,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted to evaluate and report the clinicopathological features of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) among tobacco users and nonusers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This descriptive cross-sectional, study was conducted from April 2016 to September 2021 and composed of patients diagnosed with OPMDs. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of 100 cases were assessed based on the WHO 2005 classification system, namely, epithelial precursor lesions and the binary system of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). Chi-square test and Fisher\u2019s exact test were used to compare different categorical variables related to OPMDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The male-to-female ratio of OPMD cases was 1.5:1, and the mean age at presentation was 55.7 \u00b1 14.15 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.031). The most typical OPMD identified was oral leukoplakia (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 46; 46.0%). Most of the OPMDs were classified histologically as oral epithelial hyperplasia (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 61; 61.0%) and the remaining (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 39; 39.0%) as OED. Of the 39 OPMDs with OED, 17 (43.6%) and 22 (56.4%) were categorized as low-risk and highrisk lesions, respectively. The OPMDs and tobacco use characteristics were shown to be significantly related.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A major risk factor for the development of OPMDs is the regular use of tobacco products. Tobacco users made up not only the largest proportion of OPMDs without OED but also OED cases with high-risk lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.njms_204_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T09:00:30Z","timestamp":1766739630000},"page":"568-575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinicopathological features of oral potentially malignant disorders among tobacco users and nonusers"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Abbas Saleem","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Peshawar Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahzad","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, The University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zafar Ali","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Frontier Medical and Dental College, Abbottabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Nisar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Peshawar Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiza","family":"Shafiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Women Medical and Dental College, Abbotabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tehmina","family":"Naushin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Peshawar Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 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