{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:23:31Z","timestamp":1787775811752,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aimed to evaluate the role of I-PRF in treating temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangements with the primary objective being improvement in maximum interincisal opening and Helkimo clinical dysfunction score (HCDS), and secondary objective as identifying any side effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study involved 34 patients with MRI confirmed TMJ internal derangements (Wilkes 3-5). Injectable platelet-rich fibrin injected into TMJ (maximum 2 ml), one injection every week for 3 weeks. Total 3 injections were given to each affected TMJ. After total 3 injections, the patients were assessed for maximum interincisal opening, Helkimo Clinical Dysfunction Score (Range of movement, TMJ function, muscle pain, TMJ pain, pain on movement of mandible), and complications on 10\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      day, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively as the dependant variable. The results obtained were tabulated and compared with the inferential analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Statistically significant differences were observed with respect to maximum interincisal opening and Helkimo Clinical Dysfunction Score at the end of 10\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      day, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. No major complications were reported during the study; 11 patients had transient edema immediately following I-PRF injections which resolved itself, 1 patient had an episode of syncope during the 2\n                      <jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup>\n                      injection and 4 patients had transient facial nerve palsy during auriculotemporal nerve block which again resolved on itself.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study also agreed with the previous literature and concluded that injectable platelet-rich fibrin has significant clinical efficacy in improving Helkimo clinical dysfunction score and maximum interincisal opening in patients suffering from internal derangements. Hence, it can be a potent treatment modality for patients with internal disk derangements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.njms_209_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T11:01:36Z","timestamp":1745838096000},"page":"63-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF) as a treatment in internal derangement of temporomandibular joint"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Vivek","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naqoosh","family":"Haidry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ameera","family":"Salahudheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peeyush","family":"Shivhare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Baba Kinaram Autonomous State Medical College, Chandauli, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ejaz Ahmed","family":"Mokhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Basannavar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bharti Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106.","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.NJMS_73_17","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders in North Indian population visiting a tertiary care dental hospital","volume":"11","author":"Chaurasia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Natl J Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R2-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-1363.188686","article-title":"Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in Chennai population","volume":"27","author":"Muthukrishnan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol"},{"key":"R3-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.54530\/jcmc.12","article-title":"Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders among Nepalese population","volume":"9","author":"Shivhare","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College"},{"key":"R4-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(93)90210-U","article-title":"Observer variation in interpretation of magnetic resonance images of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"76","author":"Tasaki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R5-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v6.i8.567","article-title":"Imaging of the temporomandibular joint: An update","volume":"6","author":"Bag","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Radiol"},{"key":"R6-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.11607\/jop.1151","article-title":"Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC\/TMD) for clinical and research applications: recommendations of the international RDC\/TMD consortium network* and orofacial pain special interest group\u2020","volume":"28","author":"Schiffman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"key":"R7-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1989.01860280067019","article-title":"Internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint. Pathological variations","volume":"115","author":"Wilkes","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R8-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.21608\/edj.2020.24129.1029","article-title":"Evaluation of Injectable platelet rich fibrin for the management of Tempromandibular joint internal derangement. (clinical evaluation)","volume":"66","author":"Abdelmoneim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Egypt Dent J"},{"key":"R9-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2019.10.004","article-title":"The hierarchy of different treatments for arthrogenous temporomandibular disorders: A network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"48","author":"Al-Moraissi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R11-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.5045\/kjh.2011.46.4.265","article-title":"Characterization of the cytokine profile of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and PRP-induced cell proliferation and migration: Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -9 in HaCaT cells","volume":"46","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Hematol"},{"key":"R12-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2017.09.014","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma for the therapeutic management of temporomandibular joint disorders: A systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Bousnaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R13-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2018.09.003","article-title":"Effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma injection in patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"127","author":"Chung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"R14-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13261","article-title":"Effect of platelet-rich plasma injection combined with individualised comprehensive physical therapy on temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: A prospective cohort study","volume":"49","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"R15-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020277","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma in treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions: Narrative review","volume":"20","author":"Zotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R16-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.01.010","article-title":"Comparison of intra-articular injection of plasma rich in growth factors versus hyaluronic acid following arthroscopy in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction: A randomised prospective study","volume":"45","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ferro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R17-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-016-0911-9","article-title":"The efficacy of platelets rich plasma injection in the superior joint space of the tempromandibular joint guided by ultra sound in patients with non-reducing disk displacement","volume":"16","author":"Al-Delayme","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"key":"R18-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2016.01.018","article-title":"Does injection of plasma rich in growth factors after temporomandibular joint arthroscopy improve outcomes in patients with Wilkes stage IV internal derangement? A randomized prospective clinical study","volume":"45","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez Sanrom\u00e1n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R19-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2016.06.009","article-title":"Is arthrocentesis plus platelet-rich plasma superior to arthrocentesis plus hyaluronic acid for the treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"45","author":"C\u00f6mertKili\u00e7","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R20-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-017-0767-9","article-title":"Reduction of relative centrifugation force within injectable platelet-rich-fibrin (PRF) concentrates advances patients\u2019 own inflammatory cells, platelets and growth factors: The first introduction to the low speed centrifugation concept","volume":"44","author":"Choukroun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg Off PublEur Trauma Soc"},{"key":"R21-20260423","first-page":"14","article-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"81","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Dent"},{"key":"R22-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.03.025","article-title":"Online survey about the STROBE statement highlighted diverging views about its content, purpose, and value","volume":"123","author":"Sharp","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"R23-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2021.01.018","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of arthrocentesis with or without PRF for internal derangement of the TMJ","volume":"49","author":"Karadayi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R24-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2018.1516183","article-title":"Liquid platelet-rich fibrin injections as a treatment adjunct for painful temporomandibular joints: Preliminary results","volume":"38","author":"Albilia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"R25-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2017.1293807","article-title":"Effects of an injectable platelet-rich fibrin on osteoblast behavior and bone tissue formation in comparison to platelet-rich plasma","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"R26-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2021.07.027","article-title":"Treatment of temporomandibular joint disc displacement using arthrocentesis combined with injectable platelet rich fibrin versus arthrocentesis alone","volume":"17","author":"Ghoneim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"key":"R27-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2021.03.004","article-title":"The efficacy of intra-articular injectable platelet-rich fibrin application in the management of Wilkes stage III temporomandibular joint internal derangement","volume":"50","author":"Torul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R28-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05421-7","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of platelet rich fibrin (I-PRF) intra-articular injections in the management of internal derangements of temporomandibular joints \u2013 A controlled preliminary prospective clinical study","volume":"23","author":"Manafikhi","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"R29-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2022.06.006","article-title":"Injectable platelet-rich fibrin as treatment for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"50","author":"I\u015f\u0131k","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R30-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000006545","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of intra-articular injection of liquid platelet-rich fibrin and hyaluronic acid after in conjunction with arthrocentesis for the treatment of internal temporomandibular joint derangements","volume":"31","author":"Yuce","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"R31-20260423","first-page":"143","article-title":"Anaesthetic blockage of the auriculotemporal nerve and its clinical implications","volume":"10","author":"Nascimento","year":"2011","journal-title":"Odontol Cl\u00ednico-Cient\u00edfica Online"},{"key":"R32-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(84)90016-8","article-title":"A modified auriculotemporal nerve block for regional anesthesia of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"42","author":"Donlon","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg Off J Am Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg"}],"container-title":["National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njms.njms_209_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:42:50Z","timestamp":1787773370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njms.njms_209_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njms.njms_209_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0975-5950","2229-3418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0975-5950","type":"print"},{"value":"2229-3418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-26","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-04","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}