{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:23:35Z","timestamp":1787775815360,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are being increasingly reported these days. Orofacial TB represents only 0.05\u20135% of total cases. Its vague and nonspecific clinical features pose a diagnostic challenge. Here, we report a series of five cases on mandibular TB and also an attempt was made to propose a diagnostic criterion for tuberculous osteomyelitis of the mandible. Positive cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , acid-fast bacilli smear test, and histopathological examination may be considered as major criteria while swelling (which gradually increases in size), noninflammatory cervical lymphadenopathy, radiographic picture of diffuse cortical erosion without reactive bone formation may be considered as minor criteria. The presence of these findings should raise a strong suspicion of TB of the mandible.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.njms_56_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T11:01:46Z","timestamp":1745838106000},"page":"180-185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tubercular osteomyelitis of mandible: Defining diagnostic criteria"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ezhilarasi","family":"Sundaram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geeta","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Katrolia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepika","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.2310\/7070.2005.34417","article-title":"Tuberculosis of buccal mucosa","volume":"34","author":"Perrotti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J 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mandibularie","volume":"51","author":"Chapotel","year":"1930","journal-title":"Rev Odent"},{"key":"R13-20260423","first-page":"85","article-title":"Radiolucent lesions of the mandible: A pattern-based approach to diagnosis","volume":"20145","author":"Avril","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"R14-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/75047143","article-title":"Oral tuberculosis: Unusual radiographic findings","volume":"40","author":"Sansare","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"R15-20260423","first-page":"EE01","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in resource-constrained Setting: State of the ART, challenges and the need","volume":"9","author":"Purohit","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R17-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465403.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/465403","article-title":"Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria among extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases in tertiary care centers in Northern India","volume":"2015","author":"Maurya","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"R18-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.16.0667","article-title":"Delays in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in AFB SMEAR-negative patients with pneumonia","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"R19-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100198.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2020.100198","article-title":"Validity of a CB-NAAT assay in diagnosing tuberculosis in comparison to culture: A study from an urban area of South India","volume":"21","author":"Raj","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"R20-20260423","first-page":"141","article-title":"Extrapulmonary tuberculosis\u2014An update on the diagnosis, treatment and drug resistance","volume":"1","author":"Gopalaswamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Respir"}],"container-title":["National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njms.njms_56_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:42:55Z","timestamp":1787773375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njms.njms_56_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njms.njms_56_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0975-5950","2229-3418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0975-5950","type":"print"},{"value":"2229-3418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-31","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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