{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:49:35Z","timestamp":1790884175110,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Management of the oral cancer, involves surgical intervention and the associated complications are quite prevalent after oral cancer surgery. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of all the possible complications associated with surgical management of oral cancer to apprise about adequate management of such complications if they manifest. An internet based literature review was performed in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register electronic databases using keywords \u201coral cancer,\u201d \u201coral surgical procedures,\u201d \u201cpost operative complications,\u201d \u201cintra operative complications,\u201d which resulted in 19 articles. After screening only relevant English language articles from 2000\u20132022 were considered. A working classification, described in our study, provides an easier understanding of the possible complications associated with surgical management of the oral cancer. It has been based depending upon their time of occurrence. A learned surgeon thus can provide adequate surgical care and minimize the occurrence of such complications that may occur even with adequate precautions. If such complications do occur, there is always a management protocol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.njms_87_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T06:00:18Z","timestamp":1756620018000},"page":"203-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Complications associated with surgical management of oral cancer patients: A comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Deepika K.","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Katrolia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rangeet","family":"Bhadra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hari","family":"Ram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruby","family":"Dwivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heena","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260420","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Long-term surgical complications in the oral cancer patient: A comprehensive review. Part I","volume":"1","author":"Kolokythas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Res"},{"key":"R2-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-3699(02)00100-0","article-title":"Complications in the treatment of head and neck cancer","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin"},{"key":"R3-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930430411","article-title":"Complications following surgery for cancer of the larynx and pyriform fossa","volume":"43","author":"Sarkar","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"R4-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941011900709","article-title":"Carotid blowout in patients with head and neck cancer","volume":"119","author":"Powitzky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"R5-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25659","article-title":"Risk factors for postoperative hemorrhage in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective study","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"R6-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1353477","article-title":"Interventional management of head and neck emergencies: Carotid blowout","volume":"30","author":"Haas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"R7-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1177\/014556130208100910","article-title":"Incidence of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage in children and adults: A study of 4,848 patients","volume":"81","author":"Windfuhr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"R8-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2018.09.005","article-title":"Complications and loss of free flaps after reconstructions for oral cancer","volume":"56","author":"Marttila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R9-20260420","first-page":"694","article-title":"Bailey and Love Short Practice of Surgery 27th Edition","journal-title":"Chapter : Pharny, larynx and neck"},{"key":"R10-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2013518","article-title":"Tracheostomy care and complications in the intensive care unit","volume":"33","author":"Morris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurse"},{"key":"R11-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8362874","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8362874","article-title":"Management of chyle leak after head and neck surgery: Review of current treatment strategies","volume":"2017","author":"Delaney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"R12-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e32835e9d97","article-title":"Evolution of chylous fistula management after neck dissection","volume":"21","author":"Campisi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R13-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6630","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11226630","article-title":"Postoperative delirium after reconstructive surgery in the head and neck region","volume":"11","author":"Taxis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"R14-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11763","article-title":"Detection of recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma by [18F]-2-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography: Implications for prognosis and patient management","volume":"98","author":"Kunkel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R15-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S176","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215116000608","article-title":"Speech and swallow rehabilitation in head and neck cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines","volume":"130","author":"Clarke","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"R16-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(97)70258-1","article-title":"Cranial\/cervical nerve dysfunction after carotid endarterectomy","volume":"25","author":"Schauber","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"R17-20260420","first-page":"e2","article-title":"Long-term surgical complications in the oral cancer patient: A comprehensive review. Part II","volume":"1","author":"Kolokythas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Res"}],"container-title":["National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njms.njms_87_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:27:19Z","timestamp":1787837239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njms.njms_87_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njms.njms_87_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0975-5950","2229-3418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0975-5950","type":"print"},{"value":"2229-3418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-20","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-05","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}