{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:35:10Z","timestamp":1786649710579,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Dexterity is an important skill and there is a need to investigate the efficiency of the hand strength and the hand-eye coordination of the person. In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, it is needed to increase the surgical performance. Mirror neuron therapy (MNT) is initiated by one\u2019s actions, observations, and imitation. It works based on neuroplasticity. The sensorimotor cortex gets improved because of MNT. By using simulators there is an increase in the skills that have improved surgical performance, confidence, and as an educational tool. Thirty participants were taken in this study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The study was an experimental, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial where the outcome assessor was blinded. The participants were allocated according to stratified random sampling. Suturing was done as motor skill exercises and rubber ball exercises were conducted to improve the hand and grip strength while suturing. The senior trainer did the demonstration and the participants had to perform it with and without a mirror with the dominant as well as nondominant hands. This exercise was done for 21 days.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The results showed that participants with the right-handed dominance showed the greatest increase in motor skills with MNT (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.001). There was less time taken for suturing for the right-handed participants post-exercise with scaling excellent in of hand grip and strength.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n This is an innovative study to determine the use of motor skill exercises using MNT and cognition towards suturing in oral and maxillofacial surgery. This study shows us the use of MNT leads to the activation of mirror neurons and the enhancement of motor skills in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery residents. These motor exercises were conducted for 21 days and led to a major improvement. The readings of hand and finger strength were taken by a baseline hand dynamometer and a pinch gauge. The suturing task time of each participant was improved after the course of study. Each participant\u2019s level of Grip strength and Pin strength was increased since the participants continued to do exercise on an everyday basis and overall surgical skills were improved.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.njms_93_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T09:00:30Z","timestamp":1766739630000},"page":"492-497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of mirror neuron therapy on dexterity in bilateral cleft lip surgical simulator model. A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Gauri","family":"Camblay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Pimpri, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Pimpri, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tushar J.","family":"Palekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Principal, Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Khandare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-physiotherapy, Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DO & Classified Specialist Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Army Dental Centre Research and Referrral, Delhi Cant, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhilesh K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Banaras Hindu University Ajagara, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Chhatriwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Pimpri, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260420","first-page":"577","article-title":"The mirror-neuron system","volume":"66","author":"Rizzolatti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"R3-20260420","first-page":"1","article-title":"A high fidelity cleft lip simulator","volume":"6","author":"Podolsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"R4-20260420","first-page":"5","article-title":"Cleft lip and palate: Epidemiology and etiology","volume":"1","author":"Oner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R5-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1590\/bjpt-rbf.2014.0173","article-title":"Dynamometry for the measurement of grip, pinch, and trunk muscles strength in subjects with subacute stroke: Reliability and different number of trials","volume":"20","author":"Aguiar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz J Phys Ther"},{"key":"R6-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1902","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.1902","article-title":"Effects of mirror therapy on oedema, pain and functional activities in patients with post stroke shoulder-hand syndrome: A randomized control trial","volume":"26","author":"Saha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiother Res Int"},{"key":"R7-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1729","article-title":"Effects of mirror neuron system based training on rehabilitation of stroke patients","volume":"10","author":"Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"R8-20260420","first-page":"12","article-title":"The effect of a PARA rubber ball training program on the hand and arm strength and the hand eye coordination of older adults","volume":"9","author":"Jamrern","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Health 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Neurol"},{"key":"R12-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0117598","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117598","article-title":"Age and grip strength predict hand dexterity in adults","volume":"10","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R13-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1159\/000355553","article-title":"Cognitive activities and instrumental activity of daily living in older adults with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"3","author":"Doi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra"},{"key":"R14-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-021-01574-5","article-title":"Quality of life assessment after motor exercises activation in oral and maxillofacial surgery residents","author":"Kunjir","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"}],"container-title":["National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njms.njms_93_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:57:29Z","timestamp":1786647449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/njms.njms_93_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njms.njms_93_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0975-5950","2229-3418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0975-5950","type":"print"},{"value":"2229-3418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-07","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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