{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T19:36:09Z","timestamp":1786736169919,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Niger Med J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/nmj.nmj_74_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T05:31:50Z","timestamp":1566365510000},"page":"149","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of 6-month micronutrient supplementation on viral, immunological, and mental health profile of a cohort of highly active antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-positive patients in Northern Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"VictorObiajulu","family":"Olisah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tajudeen","family":"Abiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ChristopherI","family":"Okpataku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ReginaldO","family":"Obiako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"IshaqA","family":"Audu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BashirA","family":"Yakasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-1","unstructured":"National Agency for the Control of AIDS. 'Nigeria GARPR 2015 Report. National Agency for the Control of AIDS; 2015Available from: https:\/\/naca.gov.ng\/nigeria_garpr_2015_report. [Last accessed on 2016 Nov 14]."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-2","unstructured":"UNAIDS 'AIDS info'; 2016. Available from: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/regionscountries\/countries\/Nigeria. [Last accessed on 2017 Sep 14]."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1159\/000107745","article-title":"Essential trace elements and antioxidant status in relation to severity of HIV in Nigerian patients","author":"Olaniyi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-4","first-page":"235","article-title":"Serum levels of antioxidant vitamins and mineral elements of human immunodeficiency virus positive subjects in Sokoto, Nigeria","author":"Bilbis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1596-3519","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.10.2556","article-title":"Selenium status is associated with accelerated HIV disease progression among HIV-1-infected pregnant women in Tanzania","author":"Kupka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2016.07.001","article-title":"Correlation between daily dietary micronutrients intake and mental health outcomes in Iranians living with HIV infection","author":"Jamali","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.4.938","article-title":"Studies of vitamins and minerals and HIV transmission and disease progression","author":"Fawzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v32.i5.10","article-title":"The inflammatory process underlying atherosclerosis","author":"Montero-Vega","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Rev Immunol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e328351b439","article-title":"Phospholipase A (2) enzymes in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases","author":"Hui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pepys MB, Hirschfield GM. C-reactive protein: A critical update. J Clin Invest 2003;111:1805-12.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200318921"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e3283307bfe","article-title":"Does elevated C-reactive protein cause human atherothrombosis.Novel insights from genetics, intervention trials, and elsewhere?","author":"Nordestgaard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.1.64","article-title":"C-reactive protein is a marker for human immunodeficiency virus disease progression","author":"Lau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamapsychiatry.102","article-title":"Elevated C-reactive protein levels, psychological distress, and depression in 73, 131 individuals","author":"Wium-Andersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708003723","article-title":"Associations of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 with cognitive symptoms of depression: 12-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study","author":"Gimeno","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puustinen PJ, Koponen H, Kautiainen H, M\u00e4ntyselk\u00e4 P, Vanhala M. Psychological distress and C-reactive protein: Do health behaviours and pathophysiological factors modify the association? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2011;261:277-84.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-010-0134-x"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2011.02.001","article-title":"The association between anxiety and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels: Results from the Northern Finland 1966 birth cohort study","author":"Liukkonen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-17","unstructured":"WHO HIV\/AIDS and Mental Health Report by the Secretariat; 20, November 2008. Available from: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/gb\/archive\/pdf_files\/EB124\/B124_6-en.pdf. [Last accessed on 2017 Sep 14]."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.126226","article-title":"Molecular virology and immunology of HIV infection","author":"Chinen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/01.COH.0000194106.12816.b1","article-title":"The CD4 lymphocyte count and risk of clinical progression","author":"Phillips","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-20","first-page":"51","article-title":"Short-term risk of AIDS according to current CD4 cell count and viral load in antiretroviral drug-naive individuals and those treated in the monotherapy era","author":"Phillips","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1086\/315339","article-title":"Natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viremia after seroconversion and proximal to AIDS in a large cohort of homosexual men.Multicenter AIDS cohort study","author":"Lyles","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200501030-00006","article-title":"Immunological markers after long-term treatment interruption in chronically HIV-1 infected patients with CD4 cell count above 400\u00d710(6) cells\/l","author":"Thi\u00e9baut","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-11622","article-title":"Thiamine treatment in psychiatry and neurology","author":"Hinze-Selch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2012.12.003","article-title":"Nutrients for prevention and treatment of mental health disorders","author":"Akhondzadeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199345050-00001","article-title":"Folates and psychiatric disorders.Clinical potential","author":"Crellin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmi040","article-title":"The role for Vitamin B-6 as treatment for depression: A systematic review","author":"Williams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70598-1","article-title":"Vitamin B12, folic acid, and the nervous system","author":"Reynolds","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.06.022","article-title":"The efficacy of zinc supplementation in depression: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials","author":"Lai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-29","unstructured":"Araoye MO. Research Methodology with Statistics for Health and Social Sciences. Ilorin: Nathadex Publishers; 2004. p. 117-20."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-30","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health. Abuja; 2010. Available from: http:\/\/www.nigeriaaids.org\/documents\/2010_National%20HIV%20Sero%20Prevalence%20Sentinel%20Survey.pdf. [Last accessed on 2013 Feb 08]."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.165.5.669","article-title":"A validity study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in general hospital units and a community sample in Nigeria","author":"Abiodun","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-32","first-page":"275","article-title":"Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in depressed patients with HIV\/AIDS attending a Nigerian university teaching hospital clinic","author":"Olisah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesburg)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-33","first-page":"362","article-title":"Effect of Vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation on neuropsychiatric symptoms and immune response in HIV-positive patients","author":"Adhikari","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosci Rural Pract","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0976-3147","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1159\/000068692","article-title":"Depression and folate status in the US population","author":"Morris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-35","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Guideline on When to Start Antiretroviral Therapy and on Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV. World Health Organization; September, 2015. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/guidelines\/earlyrelease-arv\/en\/. [Last accessed on 2019 Jul 14]."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-36","unstructured":"Guideline on HIV Treatment in Nigeria 2016 Report. Available from: https:\/\/aidsfree.usaid.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2016_nigeria_natl_guidelines_hiv_treat_prev.pdf. [Last accessed on 2019 Jun 25]."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0689","article-title":"Cysteine, glutathione (GSH) and zinc and copper ions together are effective, natural, intracellular inhibitors of (AIDS) viruses","author":"Sprietsma","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.264963-38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.04.036","article-title":"Mechanisms of nutrient modulation of the immune response","author":"Cunningham-Rundles","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"}],"container-title":["Nigerian Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T18:38:17Z","timestamp":1786732697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/nmj.NMJ_74_19"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"alternative-id":["264963"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/nmj.nmj_74_19","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-1652"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-1652","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}