{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:27:55Z","timestamp":1786969675470,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyponatremia is one of the most common electrolyte abnormalities in hospitalized patients and is associated with increased mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aimed to determine the prevalence of hyponatremia, risk factors and aetiology in elderly people.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional study was conducted in hospital settings between March 2023 and November 2024 in 69 male and female participants with hyponatremia. Patients\u2019 blood samples were tested for predicted factors (creatinine, blood sugar and hypervolemia). Statistical analysis was performed and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age of the participants was 66.10 years, with 36 (52.2%) male and 33 (47.8%) female patients, while the mean age of severe hyponatremia patients was 59.5 years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04). Hyponatremic patients displayed a depressed serum sodium level (117.35 mEq\/L), creatinine level of 0.94 mg\/dL and blood sugar level of 140.29 mg\/dL. Mean hospital stay duration was 5.96 days, 37 (47.8%) patients had mild hyponatremia, 24 (34.8%) patients had moderate hyponatremia and 8 (17.4%) patients had severe hyponatremia. Patients with severe hyponatremia had significantly higher blood sugar levels, 174.25 mg\/dL (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), with no significant correlation with creatinine. A significant association was observed between aetiology and severity of hyponatremia, particularly for the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) and cardiac causes. Severe hyponatremia (\u03b2 =0.08,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.83), serum creatinine (\u03b2 =0.68,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.58) and cirrhosis (\u03b2 = \u22120.04,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.73) were not significantly associated with length of hospital stay.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aetiological factors, especially the SIADH and cardiac causes, demonstrated a significant association with hyponatremia severity. Multivariable logistic regression did not identify any independent predictors of severe hyponatremia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/npmj.npmj_116_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T04:00:32Z","timestamp":1786939232000},"page":"612-616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical and Laboratory Predictors of Disease Severity and Length of Stay in Patients with Hyponatremia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Yogesh","family":"Chavan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virendra C.","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-025-02624-9","article-title":"Pathophysiology, symptoms, outcomes, and evaluation of hyponatremia: Comprehension and best clinical practice","volume":"29","author":"Sumi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"R2-20260817","first-page":"698","article-title":"Prophylactic intravenous furosemide for reducing hyponatremia risk in monopolar transurethral prostate surgery: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"50","author":"Gholipour","year":"2025","journal-title":"Iran J Med Sci"},{"key":"R3-20260817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.11176","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of hyponatremia: A review","volume":"328","author":"Adrogu\u00e9","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R4-20260817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2021.102930","article-title":"A review of risk factors and prevention strategies for exercise associated hyponatremia","volume":"238","author":"Seal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"R5-20260817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.5937\/jomb0-30409","article-title":"Hyponatremia: Is it related to the seasons?","volume":"40","author":"Altuntas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Biochem"},{"key":"R6-20260817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215927","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1215927","article-title":"How to calculate sample size in animal and human studies","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"R7-20260817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-023-02246-w","article-title":"Hyponatremia and aging-related diseases: Key player or innocent bystander? A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Fratangelo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"R8-20260817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.07.014","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of disorders of body tonicity-hyponatremia and hypernatremia: Core curriculum 2020","volume":"75","author":"Seay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"R9-20260817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01196.x","article-title":"Magnitude of underascertainment of impaired kidney function in older adults with normal serum creatinine","volume":"55","author":"Giannelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R10-20260817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuv046","article-title":"Effects of acute and chronic hypohydration on kidney health and function","volume":"73","author":"Feehally","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"R11-20260817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s41100-017-0138-3","article-title":"Low serum sodium concentration is a prognostic factor related to current blood glucose level in stable hemodialysis patients: An observational study","volume":"3","author":"Nagai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ren Replace Ther"},{"key":"R12-20260817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892265","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.892265","article-title":"Dysnatremia in Gastrointestinal Disorders","volume":"9","author":"Do","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers Med"},{"key":"R13-20260817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2017.08.015","article-title":"Hyponatremia and the Brain","volume":"3","author":"Gankam Kengne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"}],"container-title":["Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_116_26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:02:16Z","timestamp":1786968136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_116_26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_116_26","relation":{},"ISSN":["1117-1936","2468-6875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1117-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"2468-6875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-26","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-04","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}