{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:38:49Z","timestamp":1786653529261,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational studies have shown a correlation between sex hormones and the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), but it remains unclear whether these associations are causal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to investigate the potential causal relationships between a range of sex hormones and the risk of CTS using a Mendelian randomisation (MR) approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We selected exposure-related genetic instruments from genome-wide association studies summary data using significance thresholds. The CTS summary data were obtained from two sources: the UK Biobank (UKB) (12,887 cases and 443,461 controls) and the FinnGen consortium (17,198 cases and 273,097 controls). The random-effects inverse variance-weighted method was used as the primary approach for causal analysis, along with complementary weighted median, MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO tests for sensitivity analysis. Fixed-effect model was used to meta-analyse the results from the UKB and FinnGen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The meta-analysis of the MR results from FinnGen and UKB identified potential risk factors that may increase the risk of CTS. These factors include lower sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels (both: odds ratio [OR] =0.628,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001; female: OR = 0.601,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001; male: OR = 0.717,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001) and lower body mass index-adjusted SHBG levels (both: OR = 0.748,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001; female: OR = 0.718,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001; male: OR = 0.753,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). In males, higher total testosterone (TT) levels (OR = 0.912,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0052) may decrease the risk of CTS, whereas higher bioavailable testosterone (BAT) levels (OR = 1.370,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001) may increase the risk of CTS in females. Oestradiol (E2), progesterone, the ratio of testosterone to oestradiol, androstendione, aldosterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone showed no significant causal relationship with CTS risk.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This MR study provides insights into the potential role of SHBG, TT and BAT in the development of CTS, highlighting the importance of conducting gender-specific genetic analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/npmj.npmj_125_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:01:31Z","timestamp":1777611691000},"page":"341-352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gender-specific Causal Relationship between Sex Hormones and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Mendelian Randomisation Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Xianqin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Unit 1, Hepu People\u2019s Hospital, Beihai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Guangxi Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benzong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Unit 1, Hepu People\u2019s Hospital, Beihai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rufu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Unit 1, Hepu People\u2019s Hospital, Beihai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donglei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenxian","family":"Lao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Unit 1, Hepu People\u2019s Hospital, Beihai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00432-X","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: Updated evidence and new questions","volume":"22","author":"Padua","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet 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