{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:21:00Z","timestamp":1787840460373,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Nigeria adopted artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in 2005.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims:<\/jats:title>\n This study aims to determine and compare the compliance of health workers with the National Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria (National Guidelines) in uncomplicated malaria treatment in Global Fund for AIDS Tuberculosis and Malaria- Supported (GFS)and government-supported (GS) primary healthcare centres (PHCs) in Anambra State.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This cross-sectional comparative study involved the review of 1536 case records, a questionnaire-based survey of 82 health workers and a health facility assessment in 32 PHCs in Anambra State. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20. The Chi-square test of independence was used to determine the association between the categorical variables at a 0.05 statistical significance level.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Compliance with National Guidelines in uncomplicated malaria treatment was 83.2% overall, 89.1% for GFS PHCs and 76.5% for GS PHCs (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.00). ACT stock-out occurred in 43.8% of GFS versus 100.0% of GS PHCs, (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.00). Amongst healthcare workers, access to National Guidelines was 48.8% in GFS PHCs versus 26.8% in GS, (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.04); access to malaria case management aid was 90.2% in GFS PHCs versus 70.7% in GS, (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.03) and supervision was received within the last 6 months of 2017 by 31.7% in GFS PHCs versus 2.4% in GS, (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.00).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n This study suggests that compliance with National Guidelines in uncomplicated malaria treatment amongst PHC workers was enhanced by increased free ACT availability, access to guidelines, case management aid availability and supervision frequency. This is evidence for Malaria Elimination Programme evaluation in Anambra State and Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/npmj.npmj_155_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T06:00:45Z","timestamp":1761544845000},"page":"297-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Compliance with the Use of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria amongst Primary Healthcare Workers in Anambra State, Nigeria - The Role of Funding"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Uchenna Bridgid","family":"Chukwuka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian Chibuzo","family":"Ibeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prosper Obunikem","family":"Adogu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Onuora","family":"Chukwuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R6-20251027","first-page":"1","article-title":"Legal notice on publication of 2006 census final results","volume":"96","year":"2009","journal-title":"Off Gaz"},{"key":"R11-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1218-5","article-title":"Health workers\u2019 compliance to rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) to guide malaria treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Kabaghe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R12-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3495-x","article-title":"Adherence to malaria diagnosis and treatment guidelines among healthcare workers in Ogun State, Nigeria","volume":"16","author":"Bamiselu","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R13-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-293","article-title":"Malaria diagnosis and treatment practices following introduction of rapid diagnostic tests in Kibaha District, Coast Region, Tanzania","volume":"12","author":"Mubi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R14-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0902-1","article-title":"Provider compliance to artemisinin-based combination therapy at primary health care facilities in the middle belt of Ghana","volume":"14","author":"Kwarteng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R16-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.4103\/1119-3077.113456","article-title":"Malaria diagnosis and treatment amongst health workers in University of Nigeria teaching hospital, Enugu, Nigeria","volume":"16","author":"Ughasoro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"R17-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2024.49.65.41337","article-title":"Funding and compliance to test-before-treat recommendation in management of uncomplicated malaria among primary health care workers in Anambra State, Nigeria \u2013 A cross-sectional comparative study","volume":"49","author":"Chukwuka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"R18-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-155","article-title":"Treatment of uncomplicated malaria at public health facilities and medicine retailers in South-Eastern Nigeria","volume":"10","author":"Mangham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R19-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/2052-3211-7-15","article-title":"Adherence to treatment guidelines for uncomplicated malaria at two public health facilities in Nigeria; implications for the \u2018test and treat\u2019 policy of malaria case management","volume":"7","author":"Ezenduka","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pharm Policy Pract"},{"key":"R20-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2332-3","article-title":"Drug use in the management of uncomplicated malaria in public health facilities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"17","author":"Ntamabyaliro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R21-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-1693-3","article-title":"Health worker adherence to malaria treatment guidelines at outpatient health facilities in Southern Malawi following implementation of universal access to diagnostic testing","volume":"16","author":"Namuyinga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R23-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-64","article-title":"Patient-, health worker-, and health facility-level determinants of correct malaria case management at publicly funded health facilities in Malawi: Results from a nationally representative health facility survey","volume":"13","author":"Steinhardt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malar J"}],"container-title":["Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_155_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:23:17Z","timestamp":1787836997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_155_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_155_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1117-1936","2468-6875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1117-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"2468-6875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-24","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-27","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}