{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:31:29Z","timestamp":1787758289037,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male circumcision is the most common surgical procedure worldwide and is often carried out for religious, cultural, medical and public health reasons. It is commonly performed during the neonatal period. Many studies have now shown that pain is a common intra- and post-operative complication. To ensure proper analgesia during the procedure, many surgeons opt for the use of pacifiers as an adjunct to anaesthesia during neonatal circumcision. The aim of this study is to compare nutritive pacifiers (NPs) versus non-NPs (NNPs) as adjuncts to local anaesthesia in male neonatal circumcision using the Plastibell technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A prospective randomised controlled study was carried out between October 2019 and March 2020. A total of 100 neonates were circumcised using the Plastibell technique and randomised into NP (Group A,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 33), NNP (Group B,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 33) and controls (Group C,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 34), respectively. The differences in pain scores using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale, total crying time and heart rate during circumcision were recorded and assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The age of participants ranged from 5 to 28 days and the weight ranged from 2.5 to 5.0 kg. The overall mean age, birth weight and current weight of the participants were 15.5 \u00b1 6.1 days, 3.4 \u00b1 0.4 kg and 3.5 \u00b1 0.6 kg, respectively. The control group had the highest average pain score of 5.5 (4.5\u20135.8) compared to the intervention groups with median pain score (NP: 3.3 [1.3\u20134.3] and (NNP: 4.3 [3.1\u20135.1], respectively). NPs had significantly lower pain scores (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.023) and reduced total crying time (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.019) at all stages of the circumcision compared to those given NNPs and controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study showed that NPs were superior to NNPs in providing additional pain control during male neonatal circumcision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/npmj.npmj_189_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T22:58:19Z","timestamp":1666825099000},"page":"310-316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the Effect of Nutritive Versus Non-nutritive Pacifiers as Adjuncts to Local Anaesthesia in Male Neonatal Circumcision Using the Plastibell Technique \u2013 A Prospective Randomised Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Chibuike George","family":"Ihediwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher O.","family":"Bode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix M.","family":"Alakaloko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olumide A.","family":"Elebute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justina O.","family":"Seyi-Olajide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwaseun Abiola","family":"Ladipo-Ajayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adesoji O.","family":"Ademuyiwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2019.01.038","article-title":"Evaluating clinical outcomes of an advanced practice provider-led newborn circumcision clinic","volume":"127","author":"Gerber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"R2-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2490-10-2","article-title":"Complications of circumcision in male neonates, infants and children: A systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Weiss","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"key":"R3-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2490-6-21","article-title":"Epidemiology of complications of male circumcision in Ibadan, Nigeria","volume":"6","author":"Okeke","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"key":"R4-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1073","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of nontherapeutic male circumcision: A systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Perera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"R6-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1824-7288-40-S2-A52","article-title":"Non-pharmacological intervention for neonatal pain control","volume":"40","author":"Lago","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"R7-5-20240908","first-page":"CD004217","article-title":"Pain relief for neonatal circumcision","volume":"3","author":"Brady-Fryer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R8-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.03.060","article-title":"The use of non-nutritive sucking to decrease the physiologic pain response during neonatal circumcision: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"193","author":"South","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R9-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1054\/jpai.2002.122943","article-title":"Sweet solutions and pacifiers for pain relief in newborn infants","volume":"3","author":"Akman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"R10-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1155\/2001\/376819","article-title":"Mechanisms of sucrose and non-nutritive sucking in procedural pain management in infants","volume":"6","author":"Gibbins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"R11-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1054\/jpai.2000.8919","article-title":"Comparison of oral glucose and sucrose solutions on pain response in neonates","volume":"1","author":"I\u015fik","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"R12-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.87.2.215","article-title":"Sucrose as an analgesic for newborn infants","volume":"87","author":"Blass","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R13-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.152.3.279","article-title":"Neonatal circumcision. Randomized trial of a sucrose pacifier for pain control","volume":"152","author":"Herschel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"R14-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s43159-019-0002-z","article-title":"Comparing pain control using oral acetaminophen versus dorsal penile block in neonatal circumcision","volume":"15","author":"Ogundoyin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"R15-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4103\/ajps.AJPS_19_16","article-title":"Is the plastibell of any haemostatic value after 24 h?","volume":"14","author":"Ikhisemojie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Afr J Paediatr Surg"},{"key":"R16-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/bioe.12714","article-title":"What is the best age to circumcise? A medical and ethical analysis","volume":"34","author":"Myers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"key":"R17-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2016.12.02","article-title":"Circumcision and its effects in Africa","volume":"6","author":"Lawal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"}],"container-title":["Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_189_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:12:44Z","timestamp":1787757164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_189_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_189_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["1117-1936"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1117-1936","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}}}