{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:17:37Z","timestamp":1787771857338,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Improvements in sickle cell disease (SCD) care have resulted in the survival of many patients into adulthood, although this is accompanied by the increased incidence of end-organ damage, including chronic kidney disease (CKD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study assessed the prevalence, pattern and predictors of renal dysfunction in SCD patients and investigated the associated renal histopathologic changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated 105 patients with SCD, for proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and tubular dysfunction. Renal biopsy was conducted on 22 patients who qualified. Data were analysed using SPSS package version 23.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-seven (35.2%) of the 105 patients had CKD, as defined by an eGFR of 60 ml\/min\/1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and\/or proteinuria. The fractional excretion of potassium (FEK) was elevated in all patients, whereas the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) was elevated in 98.1%. Glomerular filtration rate was negatively correlated with irreversible percentage sickle cell count (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.616,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0001), FEK (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.448,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0001) and FENa (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.336,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004). Age, irreversible percentage sickle cell count, haemoglobin levels and FENa were the major predictors of CKD. The histological pattern in the 22 patients who had biopsies was consistent with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis 11 (50%), minimal change disease 6 (27.3%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 3 (13.6%) and interstitial nephritis 2 (9.1%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CKD was prevalent in SCD patients, and it was characterised by tubular dysfunction and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. The main predictors of CKD were increased age, severity of vaso-occlusive crisis, worsening anaemia and tubular dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/npmj.npmj_213_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T02:01:26Z","timestamp":1707271286000},"page":"53-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinicopathologic Study of Sickle Cell-associated Kidney Disease: A Nigerian Experience"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Muzamil Olamide","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Renal Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatiu Abiola","family":"Arogundade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Renal Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen Adebayo","family":"Osasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babajide A.","family":"Gbadegesin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Osun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bolanle Aderonke","family":"Omotoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Renal Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluyomi Oluseun","family":"Okunola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Renal Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abubakr Abefe","family":"Sanusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Renal Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayode A.","family":"Adelusola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norah O.","family":"Akinola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adewale","family":"Akinsola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26322","article-title":"National registry of hemoglobinopathies in Spain (REPHem)","volume":"64","author":"Cela","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"R3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-115-8-614","article-title":"Chronic renal failure in sickle 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