{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:29:57Z","timestamp":1787030997956,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition affecting children\u2019s learning and behaviour. Teachers play a pivotal role in early identification, yet little is known about factors predicting their ADHD literacy in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted to evaluate the Mental Health Literacy (MHL) of primary schoolteachers regarding ADHD and to identify the predictors of MHL among teachers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted among 303 primary schoolteachers. The study period was from December 2023 to June 2024. The study was conducted in Varkala and Attingal educational subdistricts of Thiruvananthapuram district. There are a total of 110 schools in both Attingal and Varkala subdistrict. A stratified cluster sampling technique was used to recruit the participants. Data were collected using a semi-structured validated questionnaire. Furthermore, the Knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (KADDSs) was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to assess knowledge and compare across socio-demographic characteristics. Binomial logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of MHL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The majority of participants (56.8%) were in the age group of 35\u201350 years, with 94.4% being female. Most teachers (38%) had more than 10 years of teaching experience. The study found that 98.7% of teachers had a low level of knowledge related to ADHD. The mean knowledge scores showed significant association with socio-demographic characteristics such as marital status (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01), status of work (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004), type of school (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), teaching hours per week (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005), medium of instruction (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03) and average class strength (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). The school area and average class strength were significant predictors influencing the MHL of teachers (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22\u20139.44; AOR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.37\u20134.15, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings show that most teachers have low ADHD knowledge, influenced by socio-demographic factors, with school area and class strength significantly predicting MHL. This highlights the need for targeted training to improve teachers\u2019 ability to support students with ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/npmj.npmj_213_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T05:00:36Z","timestamp":1782968436000},"page":"496-503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["What Predicts Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder Literacy in Primary Schoolteachers?"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jemy J.","family":"Jome","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health Policy and Governance, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidya","family":"Prabhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health Policy and Governance, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varalakshmi Chandra","family":"Sekaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health Policy and Governance, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Vani","family":"Lakshmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Statistics and Data Sciences, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11030166","article-title":"ADHD: Reviewing the causes and evaluating solutions","volume":"11","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Jaramillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"R4-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2010.09.2206","article-title":"Understanding attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder from childhood to adulthood","volume":"122","author":"Wilens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"R6-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.07.071","article-title":"The global prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: An umbrella review of meta-analyses","volume":"339","author":"Ayano","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"R8-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-007-9110-y","article-title":"Modeling rater disagreement for ADHD: Are parents or teachers biased?","volume":"35","author":"Hartman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"R11-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_183_18","article-title":"Elementary school teachers' knowledge of attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"7","author":"Al-Moghamsi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R12-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1080\/21683603.2013.878677","article-title":"Italian teachers' knowledge and perception of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)","volume":"2","author":"Frigerio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Sch Educ Psychol"},{"key":"R13-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.33545\/26164485.2025.v9.i3.I.1710","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of ADHD among children in India in recent years","volume":"9","author":"Parkavi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Homoeopath Sci"},{"key":"R14-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5605","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17155605","article-title":"Schoolteachers' knowledge of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\u2014current status and effectiveness of a knowledge improvement program: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Alshehri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"R15-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.52711\/2349-2988.2022.00004","article-title":"A descriptive study to assess the knowledge on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among primary school teachers in selected schools, Kottayam","volume":"14","author":"Kurian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res J Sci Technol"},{"key":"R16-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010825","article-title":"Predictors of mental health literacy among parents, guardians, and teachers of adolescents in West Malaysia","volume":"20","author":"Phoa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"R17-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.5.396","article-title":"Mental health literacy. Public knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders","volume":"177","author":"Jorm","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R19-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6807(200003)37:2<115::AID-PITS3>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Teachers' knowledge and misperceptions of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"37","author":"Sciutto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychology in the Schools"},{"key":"R20-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2021.05.004","article-title":"Knowledge and attitude of dentists towards obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"72","author":"Alzahrani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"R22-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0473-3-17","article-title":"Purposeful selection of variables in logistic regression","volume":"3","author":"Bursac","year":"2008","journal-title":"Source Code Biol Med"},{"key":"R24-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764021991889","article-title":"Importance of mental health awareness among school teachers in bridging mental health treatment gap in India","volume":"68","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"R25-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4103\/jmhhb.jmhhb_259_23","article-title":"Mental health, stigma, resilience, and mental health literacy among schoolteachers: A cross-sectional survey from South India","volume":"29","author":"Kashyap","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ment Health Hum Behav"},{"key":"R27-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.15700\/saje.v30n3a364","article-title":"Primary school teachers' knowledge and misperceptions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)","volume":"30","author":"Perold","year":"2010","journal-title":"S Afr J Educ"},{"key":"R28-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_957_21","article-title":"Knowledge about attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder among primary schoolteachers in Sharjah, UAE","volume":"11","author":"Saad","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"key":"R33-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2020.06.007","article-title":"Health literacy in rural and urban populations: A systematic review","volume":"103","author":"Aljassim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"R34-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2025.101946","article-title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of a mental health literacy module: A randomized controlled trial among school teachers","volume":"32","author":"Prabhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.4103\/npmj.npmj_429_26","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000}}],"container-title":["Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_213_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:20:24Z","timestamp":1783012824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_213_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_213_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1117-1936","2468-6875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1117-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"2468-6875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-16","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-25","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}