{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:19:35Z","timestamp":1787840375829,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Few studies have looked at the effect of periodontal therapy on the serum\/saliva concentration of micronutrients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on the serum and saliva levels of selenium, zinc, copper and iron in patients with periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty participants were recruited for the study. Test group comprised 30 participants with periodontitis and the control group comprised 30 periodontally healthy participants. Periodontal parameters (clinical attachment loss and probing pocket depth) and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) were assessed for both groups at baseline and after 3 months. Blood and saliva samples were also collected at baseline and after 3 months to determine the levels of selenium, zinc, copper and iron in them. The test group had scaling and root planing with oral hygiene instructions and motivation while the control group had only oral hygiene instructions and motivation at baseline. Inter-group and intra group differences were determined using the independent\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test and paired\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test respectively. Statistical significance was set at\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-one participants completed the study comprising 27 participants in the test group and 24 participants in the control group. The mean values of selenium and zinc increased from the baseline values. Copper and iron mean values however decreased from the baseline values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study showed an increase in the mean serum and salivary levels of zinc and selenium and a decrease in copper and iron following NSPT in patients with moderate-to-severe periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/npmj.npmj_227_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T06:00:41Z","timestamp":1761544841000},"page":"332-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy on the Serum and Salivary Levels of Selenium, Zinc, Copper and Iron in Patients with Periodontitis at a Tertiary Institution in Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Babatope Andrew","family":"Ogunleye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Periodontics Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon Olusegun","family":"Nwhator","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Periodontology Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tewogbade A.","family":"Adedeji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olusoji Ayodele","family":"Onabanjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Periodontics Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tolulope","family":"Ogundiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Periodontics Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Opeyemi M.","family":"Adewole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Periodontics Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-016-0832-y","article-title":"Trace mineral micronutrients and chronic periodontitis \u2013 A review","volume":"176","author":"Gaur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"R2-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.8.1215","article-title":"Dietary Vitamin C and the risk for periodontal disease","volume":"71","author":"Nishida","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"R3-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01663.x","article-title":"Micronutritional approaches to periodontal therapy","volume":"38","author":"Van der Velden","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R4-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.65439","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of micronutrient status in the serum of diabetes mellitus patients and healthy individuals with periodontitis","volume":"14","author":"Thomas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Periodontol"},{"key":"R5-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_398_18","article-title":"A comparative evaluation of the micronutrient profile in the serum of diabetes mellitus type II patients and healthy individuals with periodontitis","volume":"23","author":"Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Periodontol"},{"key":"R6-20251027","first-page":"161","article-title":"Trace elements levels and oral manifestations in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"13","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iraqi Acad Sci J"},{"key":"R7-20251027","first-page":"255","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in patients with periodontitis","volume":"10","author":"Panjamurthy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Lett"},{"key":"R8-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.6.1037","article-title":"Long-term high copper intake: Effects on indexes of copper status, antioxidant status, and immune function in young men","volume":"79","author":"Turnlund","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R9-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1980.tb09677.x","article-title":"The relationship between marginal bone loss and serum zinc levels","volume":"207","author":"Frithiof","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"R10-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00782.x","article-title":"Cellular and molecular effects of malnutrition and their relevance to periodontal diseases","volume":"21","author":"Enwonwu","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R11-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2272012051","article-title":"Sample size estimation: How many individuals should be studied?","volume":"227","author":"Eng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"R12-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.080640","article-title":"Short-term effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on plasma level of reactive oxygen metabolites in patients with chronic periodontitis","volume":"80","author":"Tamaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R13-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1039\/an9921700117","article-title":"On-line microwave digestion of slurry samples with direct flame atomic absorption spectrometric elemental detection","volume":"117","author":"Haswell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"R14-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-9140(74)80012-3","article-title":"Spectrophotometric determination of iron(II) with 1,10-phenanthroline in the presence of large amounts of iron(III)","volume":"21","author":"Tamura","year":"1974","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"R15-20251027","first-page":"149","article-title":"Methods of collection of saliva-a review","volume":"3","author":"Priya","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral Health Dentistry"},{"key":"R16-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-140-36531","article-title":"The effect of leukocytic endogenous mediator (LEM) on the tissue distribution of zinc and iron","volume":"140","author":"Pekarek","year":"1972","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"R17-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.6.1932-1940.1991","article-title":"Hemolytic activity in the periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis: Kinetics of enzyme release and localization","volume":"59","author":"Chu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R18-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-237X.205036","article-title":"Evaluation of micronutrient (Zinc, Magnesium, and Copper) levels in serum and glycemic status after nonsurgical periodontal therapy in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis","volume":"8","author":"Sundaram","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Dent"},{"key":"R19-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5958\/0976-5506.2019.04149.4","article-title":"Micronutrient Levels in Saliva of Chronic Periodontitis Patients Pre and Post Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy","volume":"10","author":"Grace","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development"},{"key":"R20-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01249.x","article-title":"Periodontal inflamed surface area: Quantifying inflammatory burden","volume":"35","author":"Nesse","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R21-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.15171\/joddd.2016.027","article-title":"Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on transferrin serum levels in patients with chronic periodontitis","volume":"10","author":"Shirmohamadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects"},{"key":"R22-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.130107","article-title":"Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on serum ferritin levels: An interventional study","volume":"85","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R23-20251027","first-page":"106","article-title":"Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA) as a measure of quantifying inflamed tissue-A review","volume":"1","author":"Benjamin","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Adv Sci Res"}],"container-title":["Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_227_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:21:40Z","timestamp":1787836900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_227_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_227_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1117-1936","2468-6875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1117-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"2468-6875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-22","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}