{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:42:50Z","timestamp":1791218570300,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cervical cancer (CC) remains a significant global health challenge, with the interplay between microbiome and cancer progression becoming increasingly evident. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including Embase, NCBI, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Science Direct and PubMed, utilising the specific keywords such as \u2018cervical cancer\u2019, \u2018cervical microbiome\u2019, \u2018vaginal microbiome\u2019, \u2018Human papillomavirus\u2019, \u2018nanoparticles\u2019, \u2018drug delivery\u2019 and \u2018dysbiosis\u2019. Studies published over the past 15 years were reviewed. A total of 400 articles were identified and 65 research articles were finally included. This systematic approach identified relevant studies, enabling an in-depth analysis of microbial species, such as\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Parabacteroides, Escherichia, Shigella, Gardnerella<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    which are recognised as the potential biomarkers for CC diagnosis and progression. Dysbiosis is characterised by a reduction in helpful bacteria and a proliferation of harmful ones. It is linked to chronic inflammation and human papillomavirus infection, both of which facilitate the CC progression. Advanced nanotechnology presents innovative therapeutic options for CC treatment, enhancing drug delivery systems and targeting tumour cells more effectively. Moreover, incorporating nanocarriers into treatment regimens aims to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of existing therapies, potentially transforming the clinical approaches to CC management. This review highlights the dual role of the microbiome as both a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and elucidates the potential of nanotechnology in optimising treatment strategies, advocating for further research on microbial interactions in cancer pathology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/npmj.npmj_265_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T04:00:12Z","timestamp":1742184012000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Nanoparticles and the Vaginal Microbiota: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Innovations in Human Papilloma Virus-associated Cervical Cancer \u2013 A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Saranya","family":"Velmurugan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Genetics Division, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karthikeyan","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospitals, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (DU), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archana","family":"Rajasundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Thangam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rozario","family":"Cyril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, JKK Nattraja Dental College and Hospital, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gowtham Kumar","family":"Subbaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Genetics Division, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soncn.2019.02.003","article-title":"Cervical cancer: An overview of pathophysiology and management","volume":"35","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"R2-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2019.1634030","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer","volume":"40","author":"Okunade","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"R3-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e191","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30482-6","article-title":"Estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2018: A worldwide analysis","volume":"8","author":"Arbyn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"R4-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31937","article-title":"Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods","volume":"144","author":"Ferlay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"R5-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21.","DOI":"10.25259\/CMAS_03_02_2021","article-title":"Cancer cervix: Epidemiology and disease burden","volume":"19","author":"Pimple","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytojournal"},{"key":"R6-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000-9604.2020.06.05","article-title":"Cervical cancer: Epidemiology, risk factors and screening","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Cancer Res"},{"key":"R8-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3257939.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3257939","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer: Epidemiology, screening, and vaccination-review of current perspectives","volume":"2019","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Oncol"},{"key":"R9-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031818","article-title":"Human papillomaviruses as infectious agents in gynecological cancers. 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