{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:21:13Z","timestamp":1787840473052,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is capital-intensive and challenging to manage, thus, a need for a cost-effective and accessible marker. Monocyte lymphocyte ratio (MLR), a subset of leukocytes, is valuable as a surrogate tool of chronic systemic inflammation in evaluating and assessing CKD stages and complications. Elevated MLR is associated with worsening systemic inflammation and immune dysfunction in CKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether increase in MLR correlates with progression in CKD stages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subject and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Evaluate the relationship between the MLR and CKD stages. Cross-sectional. Tertiary care centre in Lagos, Nigeria. This is a cross-sectional study of 300 patients with CKD attending a teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria, conducted between January 2024 and July 2024. The patients\u2019 CKD stages were evaluated using the modification of diet in renal disease to calculate their estimated glomerular filtration rate with their corresponding MLR retrieved from their full blood count results. The data were analysed using the SPSS software version 23.0. The statistical significance was set at a\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age was 58.5 (5.7) with a male-female ratio of 1.6:1. The average MLR was 0.44 (0.14) the correlation between CKD stages and MLR was (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.763,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) subjects in CKD 2 and 3 compared to those on dialysis were 27.4 times likely to fall in fourth quartile of MLR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study revealed that elevated MLR, an inflammatory marker, was strongly associated with worsening renal function across all CKD stages.<\/jats:p>\n                  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