{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:36:02Z","timestamp":1786649762487,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Backgrounds:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a highly prevalent and progressive joint disease. Given the diverse clinical presentations and multifactorial nature of KOA, alongside observed regional variations, a localised understanding of the disease is vital for effective healthcare planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics and disease severity of patients diagnosed with KOA at the specialised tertiary centre in the Kurdistan Region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study employed a cross-sectional design among patients who attended the \u2018Specialized Center of Rheumatic Diseases and Medical Rehabilitation\u2019 in Duhok City, Iraqi, Kurdistan and are diagnosed with KOA. In this regard, patients with any socio-demographic characteristics were included in the study. The patients with other rheumatic diseases were excluded from the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study involved 262 knee patients with KOA, predominantly females aged 40\u201369 years (81.29%). Most of the patients were retired (39.69%) with a body mass index (BMI) averaging 32.72 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , indicating overweight or obesity (based on the CDC criteria). Symptoms such as pain (98.85%) and difficulty walking (49.62%) were common, with pain severity averaging 6.77\/10. Most commonly used treatments included NSAIDs (63.74%) and physical therapy (8.78%), with many patients affected by mild-to-severe functional limitations. Younger patients had lower disease grades and pain levels, whereas higher grades correlated with increased pain and activity restrictions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age and BMI impact KOA severity, including pain and functional limitations. The patients need for better diagnostic and nonpharmacological approaches to improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/npmj.npmj_345_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:00:11Z","timestamp":1767337211000},"page":"74-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Clinical Patterns and Disease Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis in Duhok\/Kurdistan Region, Iraq"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sulaiman Waadullah","family":"Sulaiman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kurdistan Board for Medical Specialties, Department of Rheumatology, Specialized Center for Rheumatic and Medical Rehabilitation, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"},{"name":"Specialized Center for Rheumatic and Medical Rehabilitation, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Tahir","family":"Rasool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-023-02198-z","article-title":"Patterns of knee osteoarthritis management in general practice: A retrospective cohort study using electronic health records","volume":"25","author":"Arslan","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Prim Care"},{"key":"R2-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1051\/sicotj\/2022014","article-title":"The correlation between clinical and radiological severity of osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"8","author":"Steenkamp","year":"2022","journal-title":"SICOT J"},{"key":"R3-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e508","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00163-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of osteoarthritis, 1990\u20132020 and projections to 2050: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"5","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"R4-20260420","first-page":"34","article-title":"Prevalence and pattern of knee osteoarthritis in patients presenting at a rheumatology clinic of a tertiary hospital in North East Nigeria","volume":"6","author":"Yerima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Afr J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R6-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reuma.2013.07.013","article-title":"Characterization of knee osteoarthritis in Latin America. A comparative analysis of clinical and health care utilization in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico","volume":"10","author":"Burgos-Vargas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reumatol Clin"},{"key":"R7-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.5140","article-title":"The clinical pattern of knee osteoarthritis in Jordan: A hospital based study","volume":"10","author":"Hawamdeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"R8-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2147\/OARRR.S390778","article-title":"Assessing the burden of osteoarthritis in Africa and the Middle East: A rapid evidence assessment","volume":"15","author":"Al Saleh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Access Rheumatol"},{"key":"R9-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.25259\/JMSR_159_2023","article-title":"Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in Saudi Arabia: A systematic literature review","volume":"7","author":"Makhdom","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Surg Res"},{"key":"R10-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s43019-025-00261-w","article-title":"Do knee alignment patterns differ between Middle Eastern and East Asian populations? A propensity-matched analysis using artificial intelligence","volume":"37","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Knee Surg Relat Res"},{"key":"R11-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.113100","article-title":"EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"69","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R13-20260420","first-page":"13","article-title":"Clinical pattern of knee osteoarthritis in patients seen at rheumatology clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Northwestern Nigeria","volume":"2","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Afr J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R14-20260420","first-page":"184","article-title":"Relationship between pain severity and magnetic resonance imaging features in patients with osteoarthritis of the Knee","volume":"25","author":"Bilgici","year":"2010","journal-title":"Turk J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R15-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S470473","article-title":"Influence of knee osteoarthritis severity, knee pain, and depression on physical function: A cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Sonobe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"R16-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-017-0847-z","article-title":"Concordance between clinical and radiographic evaluations of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"30","author":"Parsons","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"R18-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210815","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in the clinical management of peripheral joint osteoarthritis","volume":"76","author":"Sakellariou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R19-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s43166-025-00325-5","article-title":"The Egyptian clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"52","author":"Mortada","year":"2025","journal-title":"Egypt Rheumatol Rehabil"},{"key":"R20-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100959","article-title":"Risk of knee osteoarthritis after different types of knee injuries in young adults: A population-based cohort study","volume":"54","author":"Snoeker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"R21-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.07.015","article-title":"History of knee injuries and knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"19","author":"Muthuri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"R22-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0230613","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230613","article-title":"The prevalence of and demographic factors associated with radiographic knee osteoarthritis in Korean adults aged \u226550 years: The 2010-2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"15","author":"Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R23-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4441-2","article-title":"Factors associated with access to health services and quality of life in knee osteoarthritis patients: A multilevel cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Choojaturo","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"R24-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.06.011","article-title":"OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis","volume":"27","author":"Bannuru","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"}],"container-title":["Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_345_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:58:07Z","timestamp":1786647487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_345_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_345_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1117-1936","2468-6875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1117-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"2468-6875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-07","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-07","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}