{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:37:27Z","timestamp":1786653447888,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in many developing countries and a significant public health problem worldwide. Prison systems worldwide are known to be focal points for the concentration and dissemination of TB amongst inmates and prison staff.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aim of the present study was to determine the drug resistance and relatedness of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MTB) isolates obtained from prison inmates in Akwa Ibom State.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All inmates in the four federal prisons in Akwa Ibom State, South-South Nigeria, who had a cough for 2 or more weeks were included in the study. All the participants were interviewed and requested to provide a sputum sample, which was analysed for MTB by molecular techniques after obtaining consent. 16s rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates were carried out.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight isolates were resistant to rifampicin (RIF), nine to isoniazid (INH), four to fluoroquinolones and two to aminoglycosides. Seven isolates were resistant to both RIF and INH and two to RIF, INH and fluoroquinolone each. The eight MDR-TB isolates were divided into four lineages, with Lineage 1 and 2 having one isolate each, Lineage 2 with three isolates and Lineage 4 with five isolates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a significant transmission of MDR-TB strains amongst inmates in Uyo prison.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/npmj.npmj_486_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:00:51Z","timestamp":1777611651000},"page":"370-373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relatedness of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis amongst Prison Inmates in South-South Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Ikechukwu","family":"Agwu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agantem Emmanuel","family":"Ekuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idakari Chinedu","family":"Nweke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakiliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinedum","family":"Amagwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ifeanyi","family":"Onwuezobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orikomaba","family":"Obunge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R1-20260501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S265","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis029","article-title":"Tuberculosis and HIV control in Sub-Saharan African prisons: \u201cThinking outside the prison cell\u201d","volume":"205","author":"Reid","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R2-20260501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2018.04.005","article-title":"Mutations inside rifampicin-resistance determining region of rpoB gene associated with rifampicin-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"11","author":"Zaw","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"R3-20260501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0174373","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174373","article-title":"Multidrug resistant tuberculosis in prisons located in former Soviet countries: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Droznin","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R5-20260501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0180996","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180996","article-title":"Prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Onyedum","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R6-20260501","first-page":"752709","article-title":"Determinants of pulmonary tuberculosis among inmates at Mangaung maximum correctional facility in Bloemfontein, South Africa","volume":"2015","author":"Nyasulu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tuberc Res Treat"},{"key":"R7-20260501","first-page":"406","article-title":"The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees","volume":"4","author":"Saitou","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"R8-20260501","first-page":"783","article-title":"Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap","volume":"39","author":"Felsenstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Evolution (N Y)"},{"key":"R10-20260501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.026922","article-title":"Rates of drug resistance and risk factor analysis in civilian and prison patients with tuberculosis in Samara Region, Russia","volume":"60","author":"Ruddy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R11-20260501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2016.07.006","article-title":"Multidrug and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"47","author":"Maitre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"key":"R12-20260501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4470-9","article-title":"Comparison of GeneXpert and line probe assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin-mono resistance at the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Kenya","volume":"19","author":"Aricha","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"R13-20260501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-41","article-title":"Rapid screening of MDR-TB using molecular line probe assay is feasible in Uganda","volume":"10","author":"Albert","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"R14-20260501","first-page":"10","article-title":"Prevalence and outcomes of multi drug resistant tuberculosis in Akwa Ibom State Nigeria: A retrospective study","volume":"13","author":"Akwaowo","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Appl Sci Technol"},{"key":"R16-20260501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/BJPR\/2016\/22991","article-title":"Molecular detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by GenoType\u00aeMTBDRplus from patients attending Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria","volume":"9","author":"Ukaegbu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Pharm Res"},{"key":"R17-20260501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldh047","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB): Epidemiology, prevention and treatment","volume":"73-74","author":"Ormerod","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"R18-20260501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v21i3.2","article-title":"Early detection of Pre-XDR TB with line probe assay in a high TB burden country","volume":"21","author":"Madukaji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"R19-20260501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881400288X","article-title":"Review of the prevalence and drug resistance of tuberculosis in prisons: A hidden epidemic","volume":"143","author":"Biadglegne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"R21-20260501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-2005-7","article-title":"Prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis and associated risk factors among prisoners in Hadiya Zone prison, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"Fuge","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"}],"container-title":["Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_486_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:37:42Z","timestamp":1786649862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_486_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/npmj.npmj_486_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1117-1936","2468-6875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1117-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"2468-6875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-12","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-10","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}