{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:58:56Z","timestamp":1787169536059,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A lot has been documented about the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We compared the clinical features of real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19 positive and negative patients admitted in Lagos State.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Medical records of all patients admitted in 15 isolation centres across Lagos state between 27\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      February 2020 and 30\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      September 2020, were abstracted and reviewed. We compared the clinical features, co-morbidities and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 positive and negative patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 3157 records of patients admitted in 15 isolation centres in Lagos State were reviewed of which 302 (9.6%) tested negative to RT-PCR COVID-19. There was no gender difference between COVID-19 positive and negative patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.687). The average age of the negative patients was higher (46.8 \u00b1 18.3 years) than positive patients (41.9 \u00b1 15.5 years) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). A higher proportion of the COVID-19 negative patients had co-morbidity (38.1% vs. 27.8%), were symptomatic (67.5% vs. 44.6%) and higher mortality (21.9% vs. 6.6%) than positive patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). The percentages with hypertension (26.2% vs. 21.0%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.038), diabetes (17.2% vs. 9.4%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), cardiovascular disease (2.3% vs. 0.9%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.029) and cancer (2.3% vs. 0.5%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.002) were more among patients without COVID-19. More patients without COVID-19 presented with fever (36.1% vs. 18.8%), cough (33.7% vs. 23.1%) and breathlessness (40.8% vs. 16.1%) than the positive patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anosmia and dysgeusia were strongly associated with COVID-19. Clinical decision-making should only be used to prioritise testing and isolation of patients suspected to have COVID-19, especially in settings with limited access to diagnostic kits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/npmj.npmj_547_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T07:47:50Z","timestamp":1633938470000},"page":"75-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical Presentation of COVID-19-Positive and -Negative Patients in Lagos Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Olusola Adedeji","family":"Adejumo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tope","family":"Ogunniyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunday","family":"Adesola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igbodo","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwayemisi Bamidele","family":"Oluwadun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwaseun David","family":"Oladokun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail Adeshina","family":"Abdulsalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayodeji Anthony","family":"Falana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omolebi Shina","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alphonsis","family":"Anumah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olusola Taiwo","family":"Dawodu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry John","family":"Owuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efunshade Ganiat","family":"Osoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Ola-Ayinde","family":"Disu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeife 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