{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T17:02:18Z","timestamp":1792515738905,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physical exercise helps to mitigate cardiovascular risks in people with diabetes mellitus (DM), but there are limited data in Nigeria. This study aimed to assess cardiovascular risk awareness, exercise practices and metabolic outcomes among Nigerians with diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study at five tertiary hospitals using questionnaire interviews and clinical assessments. Participants\u2019 knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and knowledge of exercise were assessed on 12- and 5-item scores, while exercise practices were classed as adequate if performed regularly on 3 or more days weekly for a total of 150 min or more based on the American Diabetes Association recommendations. Mean body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose, serum haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), lipid profile, urea, creatinine and uric acid were then compared among participant groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We studied 426 participants with DM, 58.7% females. The mean age was 52.9 \u00b1 13.1 years, with males significantly older than females (54.6 \u00b1 12.2 vs. 51.8 \u00b1 13.5 years; 95% confidence interval: 0.27\u20135.28,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03). The mean age at diabetes diagnosis was 44.8 \u00b1 11.7 years, and the median duration of diabetes was 84 months. There was low knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and low knowledge of exercise (mean scores of 2.94 and 2.31, respectively). Forty-three per cent of participants reported adequate exercise, which was significantly associated with younger age (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007), male gender (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) and formal education (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.021). Participants with adequate exercise had lower systolic BP and serum urea compared to those with inadequate exercise, but there were no significant differences in BMI, fasting glucose, HbA1c, serum lipids, creatinine or uric acid.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants had low knowledge of cardiovascular risks and the appropriate exercise practices for diabetes patients. There is a need for better patient education on diabetes self-care and exercise at clinic visits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/npmj.npmj_54_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T03:01:52Z","timestamp":1717383712000},"page":"139-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cardiovascular Risk Awareness, Exercise Practices and Metabolic Outcomes among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Northern Nigeria: A Cross-sectional, Multicentre Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Nura Hamidu","family":"Alkali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew E.","family":"Uloko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Bayero University Kano and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ijuptil","family":"Chiroma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayuba","family":"Mugana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Ahuoiza","family":"Garba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Innocent Onoja","family":"Okpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elijah Tonde","family":"Gargah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Adamawa, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umar Faruk","family":"Abdullahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lumsami","family":"Shadrach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Modibbo Adama University Teaching Hospital, Yola, Adamawa, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim Abdullahi","family":"Haladu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, 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