{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T15:24:17Z","timestamp":1793028257505,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":251,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With the rapidly aging human population, age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and the functions of astrocytes. The microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive function. This article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. This article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function, mainly through the vagus nerve, immune responses, circadian rhythms, and microbial metabolites. Finally, this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota\u2013astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s diseases. Our findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota\u2013astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline, aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/nrr.nrr-d-23-01776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T06:21:35Z","timestamp":1720419695000},"page":"990-1008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Gut microbiota\u2013astrocyte axis: new insights into age-related cognitive decline"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Lan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingge","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xilei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqi","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9405-6974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanglian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Neurological Institution, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0147-7826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hailong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8410-7715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10684","article-title":"Differential protein abundance of a basolateral MCT1 transporter in the human gastrointestinal tract","volume":"40","author":"Al-Mosauwi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int"},{"key":"R2-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.335837","article-title":"The influence of gut microbiota alteration on age-related neuroinflammation and cognitive decline","volume":"17","author":"Alsegiani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"R3-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2022.102331","article-title":"Astrocyte energy and neurotransmitter metabolism in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Integration of the glutamate\/GABA-glutamine cycle","volume":"217","author":"Andersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"R4-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X19666210420095118","article-title":"The astrogenic balance in the aging brain","volume":"19","author":"Andromidas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"R5-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2020.100138","article-title":"Metabolic network analysis reveals altered bile acid synthesis and metabolism in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"1","author":"Baloni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"R6-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23316","article-title":"Glia in brain energy metabolism: A perspective","volume":"66","author":"Barros","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"R7-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0185721","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01857-21","article-title":"Successional stages in infant gut microbiota maturation","volume":"12","author":"Beller","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"R8-20260507","first-page":"G1416","article-title":"Carrier-mediated transport of conjugated bile acids across the basolateral membrane of biliary epithelial cells","volume":"272","author":"Benedetti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"R9-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45069","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045069","article-title":"Astrocyte senescence as a component of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Bhat","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R10-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10667","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010667","article-title":"Through ageing, and beyond: gut microbiota and inflammatory status in seniors and centenarians","volume":"5","author":"Biagi","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R11-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.04.016","article-title":"Gut microbiota and extreme longevity","volume":"26","author":"Biagi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"R12-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00327","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00327-17","article-title":"The gut microbiota of healthy aged chinese is similar to that of the healthy young","volume":"2","author":"Bian","year":"2017","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"R13-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12159","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12159","article-title":"Visualizing transfer of microbial biomolecules by outer membrane vesicles in microbe-host-communication in vivo","volume":"10","author":"Bittel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"R14-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-021-00093-9","article-title":"Microbiota from young mice counteracts selective age-associated behavioral deficits","volume":"1","author":"Boehme","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"R15-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8916","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7115440","article-title":"Quantification of in vivo colonic short chain fatty acid production from inulin","volume":"7","author":"Boets","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"R16-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.12.039","article-title":"The aging astrocyte transcriptome from multiple regions of the mouse brain","volume":"22","author":"Boisvert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"R17-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1102999108","article-title":"Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve","volume":"108","author":"Bravo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R18-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-020-00257-2","article-title":"The gut microbiome-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide modulates neuroinflammation and cognitive function with aging","volume":"43","author":"Brunt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"R19-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0543-y","article-title":"Clearance of senescent glial cells prevents tau-dependent pathology and cognitive decline","volume":"562","author":"Bussian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R20-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2006.tb00289.x","article-title":"Inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Kir) in central nervous system glia: a special role for Kir4.1 in glial functions","volume":"10","author":"Butt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"R21-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5848","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01193-z","article-title":"Astrocyte reactivity with late-onset cognitive impairment assessed in vivo using (11)C-BU99008 PET and its relationship with amyloid load","volume":"26","author":"Calsolaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R22-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2013.11.011","article-title":"Cognitive decline, dietary factors and gut-brain interactions","volume":"136-137","author":"Caracciolo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"R23-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.019","article-title":"Association of brain amyloidosis with pro-inflammatory gut bacterial taxa and peripheral inflammation markers in cognitively impaired elderly","volume":"49","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"R24-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0606-1","article-title":"Modulation of astrocyte reactivity improves functional deficits in mouse models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"6","author":"Ceyz\u00e9riat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"R25-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00635-2","article-title":"The gut microbiome regulates astrocyte reaction to A\u03b2 amyloidosis through microglial dependent and independent mechanisms","volume":"18","author":"Chandra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"R26-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109703","article-title":"The effects of agomelatine on endoplasmic reticulum stress related to mitochondrial dysfunction in hippocampus of aging rat model","volume":"351","author":"Chanmanee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"R27-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106320","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020106320","article-title":"Gut inflammation triggers C\/EBP\u03b2\/\u03b4-secretase-dependent gut-to-brain propagation of A\u03b2 and Tau fibrils in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"R28-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.357905","article-title":"Thrombin increases the expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase in rat astrocytes after spinal cord injury","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"R29-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00798","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates cerebral microinfarct and colitis-induced cerebral microinfarct aggravation in mice","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"R30-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2013.tb00517.x","article-title":"Bile acid metabolism and signaling","volume":"3","author":"Chiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"R31-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3577","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90609","article-title":"CNS inflammation and neurodegeneration","volume":"127","author":"Chitnis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R32-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4586","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000097107","article-title":"Composition, variability, and temporal stability of the intestinal microbiota of the elderly","volume":"1","author":"Claesson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108 Suppl"},{"key":"R33-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1896","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1800165115","article-title":"Normal aging induces A1-like astrocyte reactivity","volume":"115","author":"Clarke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R34-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12937","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12937","article-title":"Astrocyte senescence: evidence and significance","volume":"18","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"R35-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2016.06.006","article-title":"Astrocytes: key regulators of neuroinflammation","volume":"37","author":"Colombo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"R36-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00548-6","article-title":"Microbial-derived metabolites as a risk factor of age-related cognitive decline and dementia","volume":"17","author":"Connell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"R37-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10060762","article-title":"Long-term diet supplementation with Lactobacillus paracasei K71 prevents age-related cognitive decline in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8","volume":"10","author":"Corpuz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"R38-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.01.006","article-title":"Aminopyridazines inhibit beta-amyloid-induced glial activation and neuronal damage in vivo","volume":"25","author":"Craft","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"R39-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-022-01268-7","article-title":"Dietary fiber modulates the release of gut bacterial products preventing cognitive decline in an Alzheimer\u2019s mouse model","volume":"43","author":"Cuervo-Zanatta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"R40-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4235","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084235","article-title":"Role of microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles in gut-brain communication","volume":"22","author":"Cuesta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R41-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00737","article-title":"Circadian disruption changes gut microbiome taxa and functional gene composition","volume":"9","author":"Deaver","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"R42-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.07.013","article-title":"The gut microbiota and unhealthy aging: disentangling cause from consequence","volume":"28","author":"DeJong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"R43-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9101053","article-title":"The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide is present in human cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"9","author":"Del Rio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"R44-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2009.035","article-title":"Central nervous system: cholesterol turnover, brain development and neurodegeneration","volume":"390","author":"Dietschy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"R45-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9363","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.20.9363","article-title":"A biomarker that identifies senescent human cells in culture and in aging skin in vivo","volume":"92","author":"Dimri","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R46-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2016.09.007","article-title":"The microbiome-gut-brain axis in health and disease","volume":"46","author":"Dinan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"R47-20260507","first-page":"e2200652","article-title":"Long-term krill oil administration alleviated early mild cognitive impairment in APP\/PS1 mice","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"R48-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4656","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300450","article-title":"Suprachiasmatic astrocytes modulate the circadian clock in response to TNF-\u03b1","volume":"191","author":"Duhart","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R49-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2012.06.009","article-title":"Effect of age on neocortical brain cells in 90+ year old human females--a cell counting study","volume":"34","author":"Fabricius","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"R50-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858413498936","article-title":"Aging of the suprachiasmatic clock","volume":"20","author":"Farajnia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"R51-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2010.03.003","article-title":"Inflammatory networks during cellular senescence: causes and consequences","volume":"16","author":"Freund","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"R52-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e11-10-0884","article-title":"Lamin B1 loss is a senescence-associated biomarker","volume":"23","author":"Freund","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"R53-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170228","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.170228","article-title":"The role of astrocytes in amyloid production and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Frost","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Biol"},{"key":"R54-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13047","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.13047","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of human hippocampal subfields provides new insights into the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and the role of glial cells","volume":"32","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"R55-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50240","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.50240","article-title":"Adjusting for age improves identification of gut microbiome alterations in multiple diseases","volume":"9","author":"Ghosh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"R56-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00054","article-title":"Serotonin mediation of early memory formation via 5-HT2B receptor-induced glycogenolysis in the day-old chick","volume":"5","author":"Gibbs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"R57-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C846","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00112.2005","article-title":"Expression and membrane localization of MCT isoforms along the length of the human intestine","volume":"289","author":"Gill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"R58-20260507","first-page":"2358","article-title":"The microbiota-gut-brain axis and Alzheimer disease","volume":"10","author":"Giovannini","year":"2021","journal-title":"From dysbiosis to neurodegeneration: focus on the central nervous system glial cells. J Clin Med"},{"key":"R59-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.07.007","article-title":"The role of astrocytes in CNS inflammation","volume":"41","author":"Giovannoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"R60-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-020-01474-7","article-title":"Human gut microbiota\/microbiome in health and diseases: a review","volume":"113","author":"Gomaa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"R61-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(91)90056-P","article-title":"Age-related changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA in the mouse brain","volume":"12","author":"Goss","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"R62-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5982","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21175982","article-title":"Bile acid signaling in neurodegenerative and neurological disorders","volume":"21","author":"Grant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R63-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12764","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3566-09.2009","article-title":"New insights in the biology of BDNF synthesis and release: implications in CNS function","volume":"29","author":"Greenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R64-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101775","article-title":"An emerging role of astrocytes in aging\/neuroinflammation and gut-brain axis with consequences on sleep and sleep disorders","volume":"83","author":"Gudkov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"R65-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03960-y","article-title":"Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes induce cell death via saturated lipids","volume":"599","author":"Guttenplan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R66-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6213","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S384949","article-title":"Vagus nerve and underlying impact on the gut microbiota-brain axis in behavior and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"15","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"R67-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41802","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41802","article-title":"Reduction of Abeta amyloid pathology in APPPS1 transgenic mice in the absence of gut microbiota","volume":"7","author":"Harach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R68-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00905-6","article-title":"Neuroinflammatory astrocyte subtypes in the mouse brain","volume":"24","author":"Hasel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"R69-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02187-x","article-title":"Interleukin-1 promotes autoimmune neuroinflammation by suppressing endothelial heme oxygenase-1 at the blood-brain barrier","volume":"140","author":"Hauptmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"R70-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2007.01.005","article-title":"Age-related changes of astorocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia in the mouse hippocampal CA1 sector","volume":"128","author":"Hayakawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"R71-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-021-00100-z","article-title":"Young microbiota rejuvenates the aging brain","volume":"1","author":"Heijtz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"R72-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12684","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12684","article-title":"The role of the gut microbiota in development, function and disorders of the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system","volume":"31","author":"Heiss","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"R73-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(04)00256-4","article-title":"Telomere shortening triggers senescence of human cells through a pathway involving ATM, p53, and p21(CIP1), but not p16(INK4a)","volume":"14","author":"Herbig","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"R74-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2018.02.001","article-title":"Hallmarks of cellular senescence","volume":"28","author":"Hernandez-Segura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"R75-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2017.07.001","article-title":"Unconjugated bile acids in rat brain: Analytical method based on LC\/ESI-MS\/MS with chemical derivatization and estimation of their origin by comparison to serum levels","volume":"125","author":"Higashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"R76-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R945","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00019.2021","article-title":"Unilateral vagotomy alters astrocyte and microglial morphology in the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat","volume":"320","author":"Hofmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"R77-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.2.198","article-title":"Age and disease related changes in intestinal bacterial populations assessed by cell culture, 16S rRNA abundance, and community cellular fatty acid profiles","volume":"48","author":"Hopkins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R78-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2010.00747.x","article-title":"Amyloid-beta neurotoxicity in organotypic culture is attenuated by melatonin: involvement of GSK-3beta, tau and neuroinflammation","volume":"48","author":"Hoppe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"R79-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01181-z","article-title":"Regulation of blood-brain barrier integrity by microbiome-associated methylamines and cognition by trimethylamine N-oxide","volume":"9","author":"Hoyles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"R80-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12689","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12689","article-title":"Adaptation of the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor to sense microbiota-derived indoles","volume":"5","author":"Hubbard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R81-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-011-0633-x","article-title":"Deoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic bile acids induce apoptosis via oxidative stress in human colon adenocarcinoma cells","volume":"16","author":"Ignacio Barrasa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"R82-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2004.02.036","article-title":"Cell-, tissue-, sex- and developmental stage-specific expression of mouse flavin-containing monooxygenases (Fmos)","volume":"68","author":"Janmohamed","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"R83-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8010056","article-title":"Influence of tryptophan and serotonin on mood and cognition with a possible role of the gut-brain axis","volume":"8","author":"Jenkins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"R84-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215090","article-title":"Cognitive function associated with gut microbial abundance in sucrose and S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) metabolic pathways","volume":"87","author":"Jeong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"R85-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13097","article-title":"miR-210 mediates vagus nerve stimulation-induced antioxidant stress and anti-apoptosis reactions following cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"134","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"R86-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2017.06.007","article-title":"Valproate and sodium butyrate attenuate manganese-decreased locomotor activity and astrocytic glutamate transporters expression in mice","volume":"64","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"R87-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"386","author":"Kalia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R88-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11074","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00092a017","article-title":"Movement of fatty acids, fatty acid analogues, and bile acids across phospholipid bilayers","volume":"32","author":"Kamp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"R89-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21049","article-title":"The bile acid receptor TGR5 (Gpbar-1) acts as a neurosteroid receptor in brain","volume":"58","author":"Keitel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"R90-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1811.11023","article-title":"Comparison of the gut microbiota of centenarians in longevity villages of south korea with those of other age groups","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"R91-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-002-0770-z","article-title":"Kynurenate production by cultured human astrocytes","volume":"110","author":"Kiss","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"key":"R92-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(95)80008-F","article-title":"Increases of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the aging female mouse brain","volume":"16","author":"Kohama","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"R93-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.2116\/analsci.20P429","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of five bile acids as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease in mouse brain and plasma","volume":"37","author":"Koike","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal Sci"},{"key":"R94-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.08.015","article-title":"Gut microbiota signatures of longevity","volume":"26","author":"Kong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"R95-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.000427","article-title":"PHA-543613 preserves blood-brain barrier integrity after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice","volume":"44","author":"Krafft","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"R96-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0438-4","article-title":"Gut microbial metabolites as multi-kingdom intermediates","volume":"19","author":"Krautkramer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"R97-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2010.00666.x","article-title":"Age-associated increase in heterochromatic marks in murine and primate tissues","volume":"10","author":"Kreiling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"R98-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw3134","article-title":"The intestinal microbiota programs diurnal rhythms in host metabolism through histone deacetylase 3","volume":"365","author":"Kuang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R99-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-020-02265-7","article-title":"Age-related changes in the gut microbiota and the core gut microbiome of healthy Thai humans","volume":"10","author":"La-Ongkham","year":"2020","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"R100-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G907","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.281.4.G907","article-title":"Vagal afferent responses to fatty acids of different chain length in the rat","volume":"281","author":"Lal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"R101-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaax3519","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aax3519","article-title":"Chi3l1\/YKL-40 is controlled by the astrocyte circadian clock and regulates neuroinflammation and Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Lananna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"R102-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.10.004","article-title":"Glial influences on BBB functions and molecular players in immune cell trafficking","volume":"1862","author":"L\u00e9cuyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"R103-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00390-x","article-title":"Function and therapeutic value of astrocytes in neurological diseases","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"R104-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1814107","article-title":"Young versus aged microbiota transplants to germ-free mice: increased short-chain fatty acids and improved cognitive performance","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"R105-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00881-2","article-title":"The extracellular vesicle of gut microbial Paenalcaligenes hominis is a risk factor for vagus nerve-mediated cognitive impairment","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"R106-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2020.12.013","article-title":"Differences in the gut microbiota between young and elderly persons in Korea","volume":"87","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"R107-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925227","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.925227","article-title":"Gut metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide induces aging-associated phenotype of midbrain organoids for the induced pluripotent stem cell-based modeling of late-onset disease","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"R108-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.03.006","article-title":"Effects of diurnal variation of gut microbes and high-fat feeding on host circadian clock function and metabolism","volume":"17","author":"Leone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"R109-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare3040898","article-title":"Gut microbiota: a modulator of brain plasticity and cognitive function in ageing","volume":"3","author":"Leung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"R110-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599747","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1599747","article-title":"Diet-induced high serum levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide enhance the cellular inflammatory response without exacerbating acute intracerebral hemorrhage injury in mice","volume":"2022","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"R111-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12768","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12768","article-title":"Trimethylamine-N-oxide promotes brain aging and cognitive impairment in mice","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"R112-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-02068-z","article-title":"Comparison of gut microbiota structure and Actinobacteria abundances in healthy young adults and elderly subjects: a pilot study","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"R113-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10479","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1501305112","article-title":"Rhythmicity of the intestinal microbiota is regulated by gender and the host circadian clock","volume":"112","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R114-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573256","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.573256","article-title":"Protective functions of reactive astrocytes following central nervous system insult","volume":"11","author":"Linnerbauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R115-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13451","article-title":"Gut microbiota interacts with intrinsic brain activity of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"R116-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088827","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1088827","article-title":"Neuroinflammation of traumatic brain injury: Roles of extracellular vesicles","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R117-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.039","article-title":"The hallmarks of aging","volume":"153","author":"L\u00f3pez-Ot\u00edn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R118-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.001","article-title":"Hallmarks of aging: an expanding universe","volume":"186","author":"L\u00f3pez-Ot\u00edn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R119-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pyw020","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyw020","article-title":"Growing up in a bubble: using germ-free animals to assess the influence of the gut microbiota on brain and behavior","volume":"19","author":"Luczynski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"R120-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.10.042","article-title":"CRIg(+) macrophages prevent gut microbial dna-containing extracellular vesicle-induced tissue inflammation and insulin resistance","volume":"160","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R121-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12251","article-title":"Metabolites related to gut bacterial metabolism, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activation, and insulin sensitivity are associated with physical function in functionally-limited older adults","volume":"13","author":"Lustgarten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"R122-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-019-00100-3","article-title":"Astrocyte senescence may drive alterations in GFAP\u03b1, CDKN2A p14(ARF), and TAU3 transcript expression and contribute to cognitive decline","volume":"41","author":"Lye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"R123-20260507","first-page":"262","article-title":"The impact of glial activation in the aging brain","volume":"1","author":"Lynch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"R124-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1600266","article-title":"The human intestinal microbiome in health and disease","volume":"375","author":"Lynch","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R125-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1763770","article-title":"Gut microbiota remodeling reverses aging-associated inflammation and dysregulation of systemic bile acid homeostasis in mice sex-specifically","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"R126-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00516-0","article-title":"Selective reduction of astrocyte apoE3 and apoE4 strongly reduces A\u03b2 accumulation and plaque-related pathology in a mouse model of amyloidosis","volume":"17","author":"Mahan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"R127-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.07.217","article-title":"Altered bile acid profile associates with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer\u2019s disease-An emerging role for gut microbiome","volume":"15","author":"MahmoudianDehkordi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"R128-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113257","article-title":"Analog of kynurenic acid decreases tau pathology by modulating astrogliosis in rat model for tauopathy","volume":"152","author":"Majerova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"R129-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M300369-JLR200","article-title":"Presence of protein-bound unconjugated bile acids in the cytoplasmic fraction of rat brain","volume":"45","author":"Mano","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"R130-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2020.11.006","article-title":"Gut microbiota modulates expression of genes involved in the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle in the hippocampus","volume":"41","author":"Margineanu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"R131-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13521","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13521","article-title":"Loss of lamin-B1 and defective nuclear morphology are hallmarks of astrocyte senescence in vitro and in the aging human hippocampus","volume":"21","author":"Matias","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"R132-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.05.011","article-title":"Hallmarks of brain aging: adaptive and pathological modification by metabolic states","volume":"27","author":"Mattson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"R133-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05862-z","article-title":"Astrocytes deficient in circadian clock gene Bmal1 show enhanced activation responses to amyloid-beta pathology without changing plaque burden","volume":"12","author":"McKee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R134-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00617","article-title":"Bile acid signaling pathways from the enterohepatic circulation to the central nervous system","volume":"11","author":"Mertens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"R135-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-023-00756-4","article-title":"Loss of fatty acid degradation by astrocytic mitochondria triggers neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration","volume":"5","author":"Mi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"R136-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.01.005","article-title":"GFAP in health and disease","volume":"93","author":"Middeldorp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"R137-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020424","article-title":"Brain aging and gut\u207bbrain axis","volume":"11","author":"Mohajeri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"R138-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766306","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.766306","article-title":"Senescence in primary rat astrocytes induces loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential and alters mitochondrial dynamics in cortical neurons","volume":"13","author":"Morales-Rosales","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"R139-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-023-00835-6","article-title":"Fatty acid oxidation organizes mitochondrial supercomplexes to sustain astrocytic ROS and cognition","volume":"5","author":"Morant-Ferrando","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"R140-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-012-0857-3","article-title":"Significance of short chain fatty acid transport by members of the monocarboxylate transporter family (MCT)","volume":"37","author":"Moschen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"R141-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2015.09.010","article-title":"Changes in serotonin (5-HT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDFN) expression in frontal cortex and hippocampus of aged rat treated with high tryptophan diet","volume":"119","author":"Musumeci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"R142-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.08.032","article-title":"Modified Mediterranean-ketogenic diet modulates gut microbiome and short-chain fatty acids in association with Alzheimer\u2019s disease markers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"47","author":"Nagpal","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"R143-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1900603","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201900603","article-title":"Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium improves physiological function and cognitive ability in aged mice by the regulation of gut microbiota","volume":"63","author":"Ni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"R144-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-012-8256-y","article-title":"TUDCA, a bile acid, attenuates amyloid precursor protein processing and amyloid-\u03b2 deposition in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"45","author":"Nunes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"R145-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00311-y","article-title":"Intermittent fasting protects against Alzheimer\u2019s disease in mice by altering metabolism through remodeling of the gut microbiota","volume":"2","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"R146-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2012.07664.x","article-title":"Glial cells in (patho)physiology","volume":"121","author":"Parpura","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"R147-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0335-3","article-title":"Interleukin-22 is increased in multiple sclerosis patients and targets astrocytes","volume":"12","author":"Perriard","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"R148-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04369.x","article-title":"Astrocytes aged in vitro show a decreased neuroprotective capacity","volume":"101","author":"Pertusa","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"R149-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.382248","article-title":"Astrocytes dynamically regulate the blood-brain barrier in the healthy brain","volume":"19","author":"Poci\u016bt\u0117","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"R150-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13334","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13334","article-title":"Astrocyte dystrophy in ageing brain parallels impaired synaptic plasticity","volume":"20","author":"Popov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"R151-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.39","article-title":"Reduction of endogenous kynurenic acid formation enhances extracellular glutamate, hippocampal plasticity, and cognitive behavior","volume":"35","author":"Potter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"R152-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00486","article-title":"Effects of neurotrophic factors in glial cells in the central nervous system: expression and properties in neurodegeneration and injury","volume":"10","author":"P\u00f6yh\u00f6nen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"R153-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10030540","article-title":"Astrocytes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: pathological significance and molecular pathways","volume":"10","author":"Preman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"R154-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1515\/REVNEURO.2004.15.3.199","article-title":"Direct and indirect effects of corticosteroids on astrocyte function","volume":"15","author":"Pretorius","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"R155-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.05.018","article-title":"Intestinal permeability biomarker zonulin is elevated in healthy aging","volume":"18","author":"Qi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"R156-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02061-8","article-title":"Revisiting the critical roles of reactive astrocytes in neurodegeneration","volume":"28","author":"Qian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R157-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22926","article-title":"Regulation of astrocyte pathology by fluoxetine prevents the deterioration of Alzheimer phenotypes in an APP\/PS1 mouse model","volume":"64","author":"Qiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"R158-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-017-0802-6","article-title":"Microbiota-brain-gut axis and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"17","author":"Quigley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"R159-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2014.01.159","article-title":"Bile acids permeabilize the blood brain barrier after bile duct ligation in rats via Rac1-dependent mechanisms","volume":"46","author":"Quinn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"R160-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371895","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2371895","article-title":"3-Hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid enhance the toxicity induced by copper in rat astrocyte culture","volume":"2017","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Ortega","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"R161-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21061983","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor in post-mortem hippocampus and in serum from young, elder, and Alzheimer\u2019s patients","volume":"21","author":"Ramos-Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R162-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100623","article-title":"Functional metagenomic profiling of intestinal microbiome in extreme ageing","volume":"5","author":"Rampelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"R163-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-212640","article-title":"Induction of Parkinsonian-like changes via targeted downregulation of astrocytic glutamate transporter GLT-1 in the striatum","volume":"12","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"R164-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00137","article-title":"Gut microbiota altered in mild cognitive impairment compared with normal cognition in sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"R165-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2015.08.003","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction related to cell damage induced by 3-hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid: Non-dependent-effect of early reactive oxygen species production","volume":"50","author":"Reyes-Ocampo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"R166-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00160","article-title":"Mechanisms of A\u03b2 clearance and degradation by glial cells","volume":"8","author":"Ries","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"R167-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.04.004","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein: pathology, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"109","author":"Rocha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"R168-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101815","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101815","article-title":"Downregulation of blood-brain barrier phenotype by proinflammatory cytokines involves NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation: consequences for interendothelial adherens and tight junctions","volume":"9","author":"Rochfort","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R169-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.071340","article-title":"DNA-SCARS: distinct nuclear structures that sustain damage-induced senescence growth arrest and inflammatory cytokine secretion","volume":"124","author":"Rodier","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"R170-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4106","article-title":"Type I interferons and microbial metabolites of tryptophan modulate astrocyte activity and central nervous system inflammation via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor","volume":"22","author":"Rothhammer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"R171-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0119-x","article-title":"Microglial control of astrocytes in response to microbial metabolites","volume":"557","author":"Rothhammer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R172-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14070607","article-title":"Nrf2\/ARE activators improve memory in aged mice via maintaining of mitochondrial quality control of brain and the modulation of gut microbiome","volume":"14","author":"Sadovnikova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"R173-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081765","article-title":"Age-associated changes in gut microbiota and dietary components related with the immune system in adulthood and old age: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Salazar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"R174-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07738.x","article-title":"Astrocytes in the aging brain express characteristics of senescence-associated secretory phenotype","volume":"34","author":"Salminen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"R175-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2011.12.006","article-title":"Emerging role of NF-\u03baB signaling in the induction of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)","volume":"24","author":"Salminen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"R176-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03116-4","article-title":"Gut-licensed IFN\u03b3(+) NK cells drive LAMP1(+)TRAIL(+) anti-inflammatory astrocytes","volume":"590","author":"Sanmarco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R177-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12040812","article-title":"Impact of gut microbiota in brain ageing: polyphenols as beneficial modulators","volume":"12","author":"Sarubbo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"R178-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03832-5","article-title":"Novel bile acid biosynthetic pathways are enriched in the microbiome of centenarians","volume":"599","author":"Sato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R179-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0414-4","article-title":"The kynurenine pathway: a finger in every pie","volume":"25","author":"Savitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R180-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01249-4","article-title":"Effects of caloric restriction on the gut microbiome are linked with immune senescence","volume":"10","author":"Sbierski-Kind","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"R181-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1021\/bi901786x","article-title":"The uremic toxin 3-indoxyl sulfate is a potent endogenous agonist for the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor","volume":"49","author":"Schroeder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"R182-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-012-0384-x","article-title":"Increased 3-hydroxykynurenine serum concentrations differentiate Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients from controls","volume":"263","author":"Schwarz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R183-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.05.006","article-title":"An astrocyte BMAL1-BAG3 axis protects against alpha-synuclein and tau pathology","volume":"111","author":"Sheehan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"R184-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210259","article-title":"Altered gut microbiota in adults with subjective cognitive decline: the SILCODE study","volume":"82","author":"Sheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"R185-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S415642","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviated paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy by interfering with astrocytes and TLR4\/p38MAPK pathway in rats","volume":"16","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"R186-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-021-00398-y","article-title":"Lower human defensin 5 in elderly people compared to middle-aged is associated with differences in the intestinal microbiota composition: the DOSANCO Health Study","volume":"44","author":"Shimizu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"R187-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.10.050","article-title":"Intracerebroventricular injection of propionic acid, an enteric metabolite implicated in autism, induces social abnormalities that do not differ between seizure-prone (FAST) and seizure-resistant (SLOW) rats","volume":"278","author":"Shultz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"R188-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622311399145","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction with aging and the role of inflammation","volume":"2","author":"Simen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"key":"R189-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabn9257","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn9257","article-title":"Taurine deficiency as a driver of aging","volume":"380","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R190-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-012-9426-4","article-title":"Modulation of inflammatory cytokines and mitogen-activated protein kinases by acetate in primary astrocytes","volume":"8","author":"Soliman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"R191-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6132","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0877-17.2017","article-title":"Calcineurin\/NFAT signaling in activated astrocytes drives network hyperexcitability in A\u03b2-bearing mice","volume":"37","author":"Sompol","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R192-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14474","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71329-8","article-title":"Metabolic alterations in Parkinson\u2019s disease astrocytes","volume":"10","author":"Sonninen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R193-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7506","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1706464114","article-title":"Indoles from commensal bacteria extend healthspan","volume":"114","author":"Sonowal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R194-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.11.011","article-title":"Differential, strain-specific cellular and subcellular distribution of multidrug transporters in murine choroid plexus and blood-brain barrier","volume":"138","author":"Soontornmalai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"R195-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665120007910","article-title":"Effects of dietary restriction on metabolic and cognitive health","volume":"80","author":"Souza Matos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"R196-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100318","article-title":"Microbially-derived short-chain fatty acids impact astrocyte gene expression in a sex-specific manner","volume":"16","author":"Spichak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"R197-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12230","article-title":"The kynurenine pathway as a therapeutic target in cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"169","author":"Stone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R198-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.02.005","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on MPTP-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease mice: Gut microbiota, glial reaction and TLR4\/TNF-\u03b1 signaling pathway","volume":"70","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"R199-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2101170","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202101170","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomic analysis demonstrates the regulation of peach polysaccharides on circadian rhythm disturbance","volume":"66","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"R200-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14112308","article-title":"The modulatory effect of Cyclocarya paliurus flavonoids on intestinal microbiota and hypothalamus clock genes in a circadian rhythm disorder mouse model","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"R201-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102690","article-title":"Promotion of astrocyte-neuron glutamate-glutamine shuttle by SCFA contributes to the alleviation of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"62","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"R202-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.018","article-title":"Astrocyte-neuron lactate transport is required for long-term memory formation","volume":"144","author":"Suzuki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R203-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661838","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.661838","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier dysfunction amplifies the development of neuroinflammation: understanding of cellular events in brain microvascular endothelial cells for prevention and treatment of BBB dysfunction","volume":"15","author":"Takata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"R204-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00681-2","article-title":"The microbiome-gut-brain axis in Parkinson disease - from basic research to the clinic","volume":"18","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"R205-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25982","article-title":"Gut microbial ecosystem in Parkinson disease: new clinicobiological insights from multi-omics","volume":"89","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R206-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.02.008","article-title":"When rhythms meet the blues: circadian interactions with the microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"31","author":"Teichman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"R207-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2022857118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2022857118","article-title":"Whole-blood metabolomics of dementia patients reveal classes of disease-linked metabolites","volume":"118","author":"Teruya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R208-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.09.048","article-title":"Transkingdom control of microbiota diurnal oscillations promotes metabolic homeostasis","volume":"159","author":"Thaiss","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R209-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.03.002","article-title":"Age-associated microbial dysbiosis promotes intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation, and macrophage dysfunction","volume":"21","author":"Thevaranjan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"R210-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00074","article-title":"Astrocytes are required for oligodendrocyte survival and maintenance of myelin compaction and integrity","volume":"14","author":"Tognatta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"R211-20260507","first-page":"287","article-title":"The gastrointestinal endocrine system","volume":"122","author":"Track","year":"1980","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"R212-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2021.1909260","article-title":"Astrocyte senescence and SASP in neurodegeneration: tau joins the loop","volume":"20","author":"Ungerleider","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"R213-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2008.06.010","article-title":"The effect of long-term lactobacilli (lactic acid bacteria) enteral treatment on the central nervous system of growing rats","volume":"20","author":"Ushakova","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"R214-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2019.00010","article-title":"Control of long-term plasticity by glutamate transporters","volume":"11","author":"Valtcheva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Synaptic Neurosci"},{"key":"R215-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000405","article-title":"Genetic control of postnatal human brain growth","volume":"30","author":"van Dyck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"R216-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20130595","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0595","article-title":"Astroglial cradle in the life of the synapse","volume":"369","author":"Verkhratsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"R217-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2019.102136","article-title":"Na(+)-dependent transporters: the backbone of astroglial homeostatic function","volume":"85","author":"Verkhratsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"R218-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-019-02310-2","article-title":"Astroglial atrophy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"471","author":"Verkhratsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"R219-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.2174\/13816128113199990462","article-title":"Role of monocarboxylate transporters in drug delivery to the brain","volume":"20","author":"Vijay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"R220-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.121.263254","article-title":"First-in-humans evaluation of (18)F-SMBT-1, a novel (18)F-labeled monoamine oxidase-B PET tracer for imaging reactive astrogliosis","volume":"63","author":"Villemagne","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"R221-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.121.263255","article-title":"Assessing reactive astrogliosis with (18)F-SMBT-1 across the Alzheimer disease spectrum","volume":"63","author":"Villemagne","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"R222-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-018-0451-2","article-title":"The gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide is elevated in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Vogt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"R223-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13537","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13601-y","article-title":"Gut microbiome alterations in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Vogt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R224-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14182","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6595-10.2011","article-title":"Levels of BDNF impact oligodendrocyte lineage cells following a cuprizone lesion","volume":"31","author":"VonDran","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R225-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09922","article-title":"Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease","volume":"472","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R226-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3698","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812874106","article-title":"Metabolomics analysis reveals large effects of gut microflora on mammalian blood metabolites","volume":"106","author":"Wikoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R227-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00348-0","article-title":"Gut microbiome pattern reflects healthy ageing and predicts survival in humans","volume":"3","author":"Wilmanski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"R228-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1159\/000520054","article-title":"Age-related changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota in elderly chinese individuals","volume":"68","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"R229-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00325","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00325-19","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of compositional and functional profiles of gut microbiota in Sardinian centenarians","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"R230-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13010228","article-title":"Altered gut microbial metabolites in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: signals in host-microbe interplay","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"R231-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113125","article-title":"Age-related cognitive decline is associated with microbiota-gut-brain axis disorders and neuroinflammation in mice","volume":"402","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"R232-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2005.01.002","article-title":"Age related changes of various markers of astrocytes in senescence-accelerated mice hippocampus","volume":"46","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"R233-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783049","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.783049","article-title":"Intestinal epithelial cell exosome launches IL-1\u03b2-mediated neuron injury in sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"11","author":"Xi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"R234-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2022.114081","article-title":"Indole-3-propionic acid alleviates ischemic brain injury in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model","volume":"353","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"R235-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12584","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12584","article-title":"Melatonin alleviates cognition impairment by antagonizing brain insulin resistance in aged rats fed a high-fat diet","volume":"67","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"R236-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112183","article-title":"Disturbed rhythmicity of intestinal hydrogen peroxide alters gut microbial oscillations in BMAL1-deficient monkeys","volume":"42","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"R237-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02959-0","article-title":"Engrafted glial progenitor cells yield long-term integration and sensory improvement in aged mice","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"R238-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-50","article-title":"Tauroursodeoxycholic acid reduces glial cell activation in an animal model of acute neuroinflammation","volume":"11","author":"Yanguas-Cas\u00e1s","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"R239-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25742","article-title":"TUDCA: an agonist of the bile acid receptor GPBAR1\/TGR5 with anti-inflammatory effects in microglial cells","volume":"232","author":"Yanguas-Cas\u00e1s","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"R240-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140414","article-title":"The IDO inhibitor coptisine ameliorates cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"43","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"R241-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-071013-014300","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: an update","volume":"37","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"R242-20260507","first-page":"1890","article-title":"Emerging roles of astrocytes in blood-brain barrier disruption upon amyloid-beta insults in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Yue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"R243-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0051-5","article-title":"Block of A1 astrocyte conversion by microglia is neuroprotective in models of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Yun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"R244-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.105.006171","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of FMO gene mRNA levels in human tissues","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"R245-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2021.1029","article-title":"Blocking C3d(+)\/GFAP(+) A1 astrocyte conversion with semaglutide attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption in mice after ischemic stroke","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"R246-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0733-3","article-title":"Gut microbiota from NLRP3-deficient mice ameliorates depressive-like behaviors by regulating astrocyte dysfunction via circHIPK2","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"R247-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X19666210215123239","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulate astrocytic functions in the brain: possible therapeutic consequences","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"R248-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01107-9","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation protects rotenone-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease mice via suppressing inflammation mediated by the lipopolysaccharide-TLR4 signaling pathway through the microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"R249-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.03.020","article-title":"Novel compound FLZ alleviates rotenone-induced PD mouse model by suppressing TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB pathway through microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"R250-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13599","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13599","article-title":"Microbiota-microglia connections in age-related cognition decline","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"R251-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119.e15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.022","article-title":"Causal relationships between gut metabolites and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study","volume":"100","author":"Zhuang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"}],"container-title":["Neural Regeneration Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-23-01776","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:53:19Z","timestamp":1787838799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-23-01776"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"references-count":251,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/nrr.nrr-d-23-01776","relation":{},"ISSN":["1673-5374","1876-7958"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1673-5374","type":"print"},{"value":"1876-7958","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-03","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-04","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}