{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:37:00Z","timestamp":1791545820099,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cerebral small vessel disease encompasses a group of neurological disorders characterized by injury to small blood vessels, often leading to stroke and dementia. Due to its diverse etiologies and complex pathological mechanisms, preventing and treating cerebral small vessel vasculopathy is challenging. Recent studies have shown that the glymphatic system plays a crucial role in interstitial solute clearance and the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Increasing evidence also suggests that dysfunction in glymphatic clearance is a key factor in the progression of cerebral small vessel disease. This review begins with a comprehensive introduction to the structure, function, and driving factors of the glymphatic system, highlighting its essential role in brain waste clearance. Afterwards, cerebral small vessel disease was reviewed from the perspective of the glymphatic system, after which the mechanisms underlying their correlation were summarized. Glymphatic dysfunction may lead to the accumulation of metabolic waste in the brain, thereby exacerbating the pathological processes associated with cerebral small vessel disease. The review also discussed the direct evidence of glymphatic dysfunction in patients and animal models exhibiting two subtypes of cerebral small vessel disease: arteriolosclerosis-related cerebral small vessel disease and amyloid-related cerebral small vessel disease. Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space is an important non-invasive tool for assessing the clearance function of the glymphatic system. However, the effectiveness of its parameters needs to be enhanced. Among various nervous system diseases, including cerebral small vessel disease, glymphatic failure may be a common final pathway toward dementia. Overall, this review summarizes prevention and treatment strategies that target glymphatic drainage and will offer valuable insight for developing novel treatments for cerebral small vessel disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/nrr.nrr-d-24-00821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T11:00:58Z","timestamp":1734433258000},"page":"433-442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Targeting the brain\u2019s glymphatic pathway: A novel therapeutic approach for cerebral small vessel disease"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yuhui","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7654-0906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20142290","article-title":"A dural lymphatic vascular system that drains brain interstitial fluid and macromolecules","volume":"212","author":"Aspelund","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R2-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0822-x","article-title":"Cerebral haemodynamics: effects of systemic arterial pulsatile function and hypertension","volume":"20","author":"Avolio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"R3-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861714","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.861714","article-title":"Advances in the role of endothelial cells in cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"13","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"R4-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01793.x","article-title":"Immune surveillance of mouse brain perivascular spaces by blood-borne macrophages","volume":"14","author":"Bechmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"R5-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009483","article-title":"Intracranial hemodynamic relationships in patients with cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"94","author":"Blair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R6-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-021-00592-8","article-title":"Genetics of common cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"18","author":"Bordes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"R7-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1581993","article-title":"Sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy: pathophysiology, neuroimaging features, and clinical implications","volume":"36","author":"Boulouis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"R8-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12020401","article-title":"The glymphatic response to the development of type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Boyd","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"R9-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy113","article-title":"Understanding the role of the perivascular space in cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"114","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"R10-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-122155","article-title":"Amyloid-\u03b2 interacts with blood-brain barrier function in dementia: a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Burgmans","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"R11-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007654","article-title":"CNS small vessel disease: a clinical review","volume":"92","author":"Cannistraro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R12-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-021-00772-y","article-title":"Digoxin ameliorates glymphatic transport and cognitive impairment in a mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion","volume":"38","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"R13-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9077-3","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease:neuroimaging markers and clinical implication","volume":"266","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"R14-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805637","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.805637","article-title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of cerebral vascular permeability in type 2 diabetes-related cerebral microangiopathy","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"R15-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2020.101917","article-title":"Is the glymphatic system the missing link between sleep impairments and neurological disorders? Examining the implications and uncertainties","volume":"198","author":"Christensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"R16-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2017.02922","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease: a review focusing on pathophysiology, biomarkers, and machine learning strategies","volume":"20","author":"Cuadrado-Godia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Stroke"},{"key":"R17-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.09.022","article-title":"The meningeal lymphatic system: a new player in neurophysiology","volume":"100","author":"Da Mesquita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"R18-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0368-8","article-title":"Functional aspects of meningeal lymphatics in ageing and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"560","author":"Da Mesquita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R19-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a020412","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020412","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier","volume":"7","author":"Daneman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"R20-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.12.039","article-title":"Modeling glymphatic system of the brain using MRI","volume":"188","author":"Davoodi-Bojd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"R21-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7136","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137136","article-title":"The role of immunosenescence in cerebral small vessel disease: a review","volume":"23","author":"Del Cuore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R22-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X241230188","article-title":"Chronic sleep fragmentation impairs brain interstitial clearance in young wildtype mice","volume":"44","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"R23-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12898","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12898","article-title":"Longitudinal sleep efficiency in the elderly and its association with health","volume":"29","author":"Didikoglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"R24-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930221099352","article-title":"Mediators of cognitive impairment in cerebral amyloid angiopathy","volume":"18","author":"Durrani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"R25-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.038265","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease-related dementia: more questions than answers","volume":"54","author":"Elahi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"R26-20260422","first-page":"2575","article-title":"Cardiovascular comorbidities, inflammation, and cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"117","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"R27-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.39","article-title":"How and why do T cells and their derived cytokines affect the injured and healthy brain?","volume":"18","author":"Filiano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"R28-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00067","article-title":"Emerging role of immunity in cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"9","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R29-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961661","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.961661","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease: pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"R30-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10136","article-title":"Imaging inflammation:direct visualization of perivascular cuffing in EAE by magnetic resonance microscopy","volume":"16","author":"Gareau","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"R31-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.08.232","article-title":"The role of AQP4 in the pathogenesis of depression, and possible related mechanisms","volume":"98","author":"Genel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"R32-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0281-2","article-title":"Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer disease\u2014one peptide, two pathways","volume":"16","author":"Greenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"R33-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600315","article-title":"Efflux of drugs and solutes from brain: the interactive roles of diffusional transcapillary transport, bulk flow and capillary transporters","volume":"27","author":"Groothuis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"R34-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0303114","article-title":"Microglia, macrophages, perivascular macrophages, and pericytes: a review of function and identification","volume":"75","author":"Guillemin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"R35-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7698","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0619-21.2021","article-title":"The glymphatic system: a novel component of fundamental neurobiology","volume":"41","author":"Hablitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R36-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaav5447","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aav5447","article-title":"Increased glymphatic influx is correlated with high EEG delta power and low heart rate in mice under anesthesia","volume":"5","author":"Hablitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"R37-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18115-2","article-title":"Circadian control of brain glymphatic and lymphatic fluid flow","volume":"11","author":"Hablitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"R38-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa179","article-title":"Impaired glymphatic function and clearance of tau in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease model","volume":"143","author":"Harrison","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R39-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00031.2013","article-title":"Sympathetic neural regulation of blood pressure: influences of sex and aging","volume":"29","author":"Hart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"R40-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0801-7","article-title":"Perivascular drainage of solutes is impaired in the ageing mouse brain and in the presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy","volume":"121","author":"Hawkes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"R41-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00144","article-title":"Voluntary exercise promotes glymphatic clearance of amyloid beta and reduces the activation of astrocytes and microglia in aged mice","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"R42-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20170004","article-title":"Vascular basement membrane alterations and \u03b2-amyloid accumulations in an animal model of cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"131","author":"Held","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"R43-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63-73","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207370","article-title":"Associations of enlarged perivascular spaces with brain lesions, brain age, and clinical outcomes in chronic traumatic brain injury","volume":"101","author":"Hicks","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R44-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01327-2","article-title":"Glymphatic influx and clearance are accelerated by neurovascular coupling","volume":"26","author":"Holstein-R\u00f8nsbo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"R45-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav2546","article-title":"The sleep-wake cycle regulates brain interstitial fluid tau in mice and CSF tau in humans","volume":"363","author":"Holth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R46-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.89","article-title":"Long-term, high-resolution imaging in the mouse neocortex through a chronic cranial window","volume":"4","author":"Holtmaat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"R47-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01407-w","article-title":"The relationship between amyloid pathology, cerebral small vessel disease, glymphatic dysfunction, and cognition: a study based on Alzheimer\u2019s disease continuum participants","volume":"16","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"R48-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2023.04.004","article-title":"Association of cognition and brain reserve in aging and glymphatic function using diffusion tensor image-along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS)","volume":"524","author":"Hsiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"R49-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26516","article-title":"Magnetic resonance images implicate that glymphatic alterations mediate cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer disease","volume":"93","author":"Hsu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R50-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13789","article-title":"Glymphatic system dysfunction predicts amyloid deposition, neurodegeneration, and clinical progression in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"R51-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab031","article-title":"Sleep and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"144","author":"Husain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R52-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.07.030","article-title":"The neurovascular unit coming of age: a journey through neurovascular coupling in health and disease","volume":"96","author":"Iadecola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"R53-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147ra111","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748","article-title":"A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid \u03b2","volume":"4","author":"Iliff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"R54-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18190","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1592-13.2013","article-title":"Cerebral arterial pulsation drives paravascular CSF-interstitial fluid exchange in the murine brain","volume":"33","author":"Iliff","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R55-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00221-5","article-title":"Implications of the discovery of brain lymphatic pathways","volume":"14","author":"Iliff","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"R56-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609921","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.609921","article-title":"Dwellers and trespassers: mononuclear phagocytes at the borders of the central nervous system","volume":"11","author":"Ivan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R57-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-021-01126-2","article-title":"Upregulation of AQP4 improves blood-brain barrier integrity and perihematomal edema following intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"18","author":"Jeon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"R58-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.385864","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier pathology in cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"19","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"R59-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02468-0","article-title":"Association of inflammatory markers with cerebral small vessel disease in community-based population","volume":"19","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"R60-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16654702","article-title":"Impairment of the glymphatic system after diabetes","volume":"37","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"R61-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00782","article-title":"Early detection of microstructural white matter changes associated with arterial pulsatility","volume":"7","author":"Jolly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"R62-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12121611","article-title":"Glymphatic dysfunction mediates the influence of white matter hyperintensities on episodic memory in cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"12","author":"Ke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"key":"R63-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-020-01042-0","article-title":"Cerebral amyloid angiopathy aggravates perivascular clearance impairment in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse model","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"R64-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.385296","article-title":"The neurovascular unit-on-a-chip: modeling ischemic stroke to stem cell therapy","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"R65-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X15622047","article-title":"Ultra-fast magnetic resonance encephalography of physiological brain activity-glymphatic pulsation mechanisms?","volume":"36","author":"Kiviniemi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"R66-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24271","article-title":"Impairment of paravascular clearance pathways in the aging brain","volume":"76","author":"Kress","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R67-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13573","article-title":"Glymphatic dysfunction in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder","volume":"145","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"R68-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11034","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1625-15.2015","article-title":"The effect of body posture on brain glymphatic transport","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R69-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14408","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202114408","article-title":"Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Leuzy","year":"2022","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"R70-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi8375","article-title":"The interconnected causes and consequences of sleep in the brain","volume":"374","author":"Lewis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R71-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689718795148","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"R72-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03137-x","article-title":"Age-related cerebral small vessel disease and inflammaging","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"R73-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6542","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14149","article-title":"Impaired glymphatic function as a biomarker for subjective cognitive decline: an exploratory dual cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"R74-20260422","first-page":"9960304","article-title":"Electroacupuncture improves clearance of amyloid-\u03b2 through the glymphatic system in the SAMP8 mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Plasticity"},{"key":"R75-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9729","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249729","article-title":"Cerebral Small Vessel Disease","volume":"21","author":"Litak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R76-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599724","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.599724","article-title":"The association between perivascular spaces and cerebral blood flow, brain volume, and cardiovascular risk","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"R77-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31363-6","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care","volume":"390","author":"Livingston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R78-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00500-9","article-title":"The glymphatic system: implications for drugs for central nervous system diseases","volume":"21","author":"Lohela","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"R79-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14432","article-title":"Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels","volume":"523","author":"Louveau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R80-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180237","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1180237","article-title":"Pathogenesis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy caused by chaotic glymphatics\u2014Mini-review","volume":"17","author":"Lui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"R81-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6807","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7807","article-title":"Direct neuronal glucose uptake heralds activity-dependent increases in cerebral metabolism","volume":"6","author":"Lundgaard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"R82-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689098","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.689098","article-title":"The glymphatic system: a novel therapeutic target for stroke treatment","volume":"13","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"R83-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791059","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.791059","article-title":"Yi-Zhi-Fang-Dai formula exerts neuroprotective effects against pyroptosis and blood-brain barrier-glymphatic dysfunctions to prevent amyloid-beta acute accumulation after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats","volume":"12","author":"Lyu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"R84-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02082-6","article-title":"Acute systemic LPS-exposure impairs perivascular CSF distribution in mice","volume":"18","author":"Manouchehrian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"R85-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930221144911","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease: recent advances and future directions","volume":"18","author":"Markus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"R86-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2013.1530","article-title":"Sleep facilitates clearance of metabolites from the brain: glymphatic function in aging and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"16","author":"Mendelsohn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res"},{"key":"R87-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20160381","article-title":"Perivascular spaces, glymphatic dysfunction, and small vessel disease","volume":"131","author":"Mestre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Science"},{"key":"R88-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4878","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07318-3","article-title":"Flow of cerebrospinal fluid is driven by arterial pulsations and is reduced in hypertension","volume":"9","author":"Mestre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"R89-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557384","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.557384","article-title":"Aging of the vascular system and neural diseases","volume":"12","author":"Mizutani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"R90-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X221105668","article-title":"Characterization of perivascular space pathology in a rat model of cerebral small vessel disease by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"42","author":"Monte","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"R91-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6365","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1974-18.2019","article-title":"Impaired glymphatic transport in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"39","author":"Mortensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R92-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010878","article-title":"Choroid plexus aquaporins in CSF homeostasis and the glymphatic system: their relevance for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Municio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R93-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.4719","article-title":"Circadian rest-activity pattern changes in aging and preclinical Alzheimer disease","volume":"75","author":"Musiek","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"R94-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.018","article-title":"Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells improves impaired cognitive function in a cerebral small vessel disease model","volume":"408","author":"Nakazaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"R95-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0236049","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236049","article-title":"Distinct association between cerebral arterial pulsatility and subtypes of cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"15","author":"Nam","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R96-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8739","article-title":"Glymphatic failure as a final common pathway to dementia","volume":"370","author":"Nedergaard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R97-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70104-6","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease: from pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic challenges","volume":"9","author":"Pantoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R98-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-020-0795-y","article-title":"Scanless two-photon excitation with temporal focusing","volume":"17","author":"Papagiakoumou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"R99-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106035","article-title":"Aquaporin-4 in glymphatic system, and its implication for central nervous system disorders","volume":"179","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"R100-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-021-02393-1","article-title":"Perivascular space dilation is associated with vascular amyloid-\u03b2 accumulation in the overlying cortex","volume":"143","author":"Perosa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"R101-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-051217-111018","article-title":"The glymphatic system in central nervous system health and disease:past, present, and future","volume":"13","author":"Plog","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"R102-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30318-1","article-title":"The glymphatic pathway in neurological disorders","volume":"17","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R103-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2020","article-title":"Fluid transport in the brain","volume":"102","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"R104-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201600896","article-title":"Omega\u20103 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote amyloid\u2010\u03b2 clearance from the brain through mediating the function of the glymphatic system","volume":"31","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"R105-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.30","article-title":"\u201cHit & Run\u201d model of closed-skull traumatic brain injury (TBI) reveals complex patterns of post-traumatic AQP4 dysregulation","volume":"33","author":"Ren","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"R106-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.020163","article-title":"Arterial stiffness is associated with basal ganglia enlarged perivascular spaces and cerebral small vessel disease load","volume":"49","author":"Riba-Llena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"R107-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-021-00361-x","article-title":"Neurovascular-glymphatic dysfunction and white matter lesions","volume":"43","author":"Sabayan","year":"2021","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"R108-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00060.2021","article-title":"The choroid plexus: a missing link in our understanding of brain development and function","volume":"103","author":"Saunders","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"R109-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680590895028","article-title":"Regulation of blood flow in the microcirculation","volume":"12","author":"Segal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"R110-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3289","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123289","article-title":"Night photostimulation of clearance of beta-amyloid from mouse brain: new strategies in preventing Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"R111-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16662891","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow in small vessel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"R112-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2016-000035","article-title":"Update on cerebral small vessel disease: a dynamic whole-brain disease","volume":"1","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Neurol"},{"key":"R113-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00316-9","article-title":"Neuroimaging evidence of glymphatic system dysfunction in possible REM sleep behavior disorder and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Si","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"R114-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-014-1374-3","article-title":"Mechanisms of astrocyte-mediated cerebral edema","volume":"40","author":"Stokum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"R115-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2024.114819","article-title":"\u03b2-hydroxybutyrate alleviates neurological deficits by restoring glymphatic and inflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice","volume":"378","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"R116-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916633","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.916633","article-title":"The association between glymphatic system dysfunction and cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"R117-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-017-0617-z","article-title":"Evaluation of glymphatic system activity with the diffusion MR technique: diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) in Alzheimer\u2019s disease cases","volume":"35","author":"Taoka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"key":"R118-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2020.0042","article-title":"Neurofluid dynamics and the glymphatic system: a neuroimaging perspective","volume":"21","author":"Taoka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"R119-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.119","article-title":"Clearance systems in the brain-implications for Alzheimer disease","volume":"11","author":"Tarasoff-Conway","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"R120-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02582","article-title":"Paravascular microcirculation facilitates rapid lipid transport and astrocyte signaling in the brain","volume":"3","author":"Thrane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R121-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002191","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2022-002191","article-title":"Impaired glymphatic system as evidenced by low diffusivity along perivascular spaces is associated with cerebral small vessel disease: a population-based study","volume":"8","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Neurol"},{"key":"R122-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00703-z","article-title":"The neurovascular unit and systemic biology in stroke\u2014implications for translation and treatment","volume":"18","author":"Tiedt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"R123-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5541","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S200490","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics","volume":"14","author":"Tiwari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"R124-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20102600","article-title":"Disturbance of intracerebral fluid clearance and blood-brain barrier in vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"20","author":"Ueno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R125-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38669-1","article-title":"Wide-spread brain activation and reduced CSF flow during avian REM sleep","volume":"14","author":"Ungurean","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"R126-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104999","article-title":"Novel developments in non-contrast enhanced MRI of the perivascular clearance system: what are the possibilities for Alzheimer\u2019s disease research?","volume":"144","author":"Van der Thiel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"R127-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.10.033","article-title":"Vasomotion as a driving force for paravascular clearance in the awake mouse brain","volume":"105","author":"Van Veluw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"R128-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.11.002","article-title":"White matter damage and glymphatic dysfunction in a model of vascular dementia in rats with no prior vascular pathologies","volume":"50","author":"Venkat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"R129-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.03.028","article-title":"Interaction between blood-brain barrier and glymphatic system in solute clearance","volume":"90","author":"Verheggen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"R130-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00959-7","article-title":"The treatment of sleep dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"18","author":"Voysey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"R131-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14047","article-title":"Plasma inflammatory biomarkers in cerebral small vessel disease: a review","volume":"29","author":"Wan","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"R132-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695479","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.695479","article-title":"Relationship between amyloid-\u03b2 deposition and blood-brain barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"R133-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17948","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1860-12.2012","article-title":"Cognitive deficits and delayed neuronal loss in a mouse model of multiple microinfarcts","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R134-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2112-16.2017","article-title":"Focal solute trapping and global glymphatic pathway impairment in a murine model of multiple microinfarcts","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R135-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119362","article-title":"Cerebrovascular activity is a major factor in the cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics","volume":"258","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"R136-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.346484","article-title":"The lymphatic drainage systems in the brain: a novel target for ischemic stroke?","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"R137-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30079-1","article-title":"Small vessel disease: mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"18","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R138-20260422","first-page":"648","article-title":"Measuring glymphatic flow in man using quantitative contrast-enhanced MRI","volume":"40","author":"Watts","year":"2019","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"R139-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-023-01675-w","article-title":"Vascular risk factors and astrocytic marker for the glymphatic system activity","volume":"128","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"R140-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.385841","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease induced by hypertension","volume":"19","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"R141-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.382252","article-title":"Sustained release of vascular endothelial growth factor A and basic fibroblast growth factor from nanofiber membranes reduces oxygen\/glucose deprivation-induced injury to neurovascular units","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"R142-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S401098","article-title":"Systemic immune-inflammation index is associated with cerebral small vessel disease burden and cognitive impairment","volume":"19","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"R143-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241224","article-title":"Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain","volume":"342","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R144-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15450","article-title":"Glymphatic dysfunction correlates with severity of small vessel disease and cognitive impairment in cerebral amyloid angiopathy","volume":"29","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"R145-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101885","article-title":"Glymphatic pathway in sporadic cerebral small vessel diseases:from bench to bedside","volume":"86","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"R146-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-015-0056-1","article-title":"Deletion of aquaporin-4 in APP\/PS1 mice exacerbates brain A\u03b2 accumulation and memory deficits","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"R147-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2020.04.008","article-title":"Concomitant enlargement of perivascular spaces and decrease in glymphatic transport in an animal model of cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"161","author":"Xue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"R148-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-10-36","article-title":"Influence of respiration on cerebrospinal fluid movement using magnetic resonance spin labeling","volume":"10","author":"Yamada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"R149-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00300","article-title":"Evaluation of glymphatic system using diffusion MR technique in T2DM cases","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"R150-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105750","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease alters neurovascular unit regulation of microcirculation integrity involved in vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"170","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"R151-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e015719","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015719","article-title":"The relationship between ambulatory blood pressure variability and enlarged perivascular spaces: a cross-sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R152-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-022-00977-9","article-title":"Updated understanding of the glial-vascular unit in central nervous system disorders","volume":"39","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"R153-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25591","article-title":"Quantifying the influence of respiration and cardiac pulsations on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics using real\u2010time phase\u2010contrast MRI","volume":"46","author":"Yildiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"R154-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.390970","article-title":"Interplay between the glymphatic system and neurotoxic proteins in Parkinson\u2019s disease and related disorders: current knowledge and future directions","volume":"19","author":"Yue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"R155-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00395","article-title":"Intermittent fasting protects against Alzheimer\u2019s disease possible through restoring aquaporin-4 polarity","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"R156-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2018-000203","article-title":"Role of the glymphatic system in ageing and diabetes mellitus impaired cognitive function","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Neurol"},{"key":"R157-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118257","article-title":"Glymphatic clearance function in patients with cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"238","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"R158-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5244","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901309","article-title":"Role of endothelial TLR4 for neutrophil recruitment into central nervous system microvessels in systemic inflammation","volume":"183","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R159-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559603","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.559603","article-title":"Dysfunction of the glymphatic system might be related to iron deposition in the normal aging brain","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"R160-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25670","article-title":"Impairment of the glymphatic pathway and putative meningeal lymphatic vessels in the aging human","volume":"87","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R161-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3114","article-title":"Neurovascular pathways to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other disorders","volume":"12","author":"Zlokovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"R162-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.391312","article-title":"Glymphatic system: a gateway for neuroinflammation","volume":"19","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"}],"container-title":["Neural Regeneration Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-00821","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:47:16Z","timestamp":1787838436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-00821"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"references-count":162,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/nrr.nrr-d-24-00821","relation":{},"ISSN":["1673-5374","1876-7958"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1673-5374","type":"print"},{"value":"1876-7958","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-24","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}