{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:59:30Z","timestamp":1792709970685,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740355200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0 http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>JOURNAL\/nrgr\/04.03\/01300535-202606000-00069\/figure1\/v\/2026-04-16T195327Z\/r\/image-tiff<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Alzheimer\u2019s disease is the most common cause of dementia. Although increasing evidence suggests that disruptions in lipid metabolism are closely associated with the disease, the overall profile of lipid and sterol changes that occur in the brain during Alzheimer\u2019s disease remains unclear. In this study, we compared brain tissues extracted from 32-week-old male wild-type mice and 5\u00d7FAD transgenic Alzheimer\u2019s disease model mice, which carry mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APP<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and presenilin 1 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) genes. Using untargeted lipidomics and sterolomics techniques, we investigated the metabolic profiles of lipids, with a focus on sterols specifically, in three brain regions: cerebellum, hippocampus, and olfactory bulb. Our results revealed significant alterations in various lipids, particularly in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb, suggesting changes in energy levels in these regions. Further pathway analysis indicated notable disruptions in key metabolic processes, particularly those related to fatty acids and cell membrane components. Additionally, we observed decreased expression of 15 genes involved in lipid and sterol regulation. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into how imbalances in lipid and sterol metabolism may contribute to the progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, highlighting potential metabolic pathways involved in the development of this debilitating disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/nrr.nrr-d-24-00975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T02:00:44Z","timestamp":1743127244000},"page":"2543-2552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lipidomic and sterolomic profiles of different brain regions in the mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xingsen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"},{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangjian","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolomics and Lipidomics Center of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongkai","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0766-3416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1145-2745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04011-6","article-title":"Multi-Omic analyses characterize the ceramide\/sphingomyelin pathway as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"Baloni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"R2-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010276","article-title":"Macrophage migration inhibitory factor alters functional properties of CA1 hippocampal neurons in mouse brain slices","volume":"21","author":"Bancroft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R3-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.01.001","article-title":"Local cholesterol metabolism orchestrates remyelination","volume":"45","author":"Berghoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"R4-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-021-00913-x","article-title":"ADAMTS1, MPDZ, MVD, and SEZ6: candidate genes for autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment","volume":"30","author":"Bharadwaj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R5-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1139\/y59-099","article-title":"A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification","volume":"37","author":"Bligh","year":"1959","journal-title":"Can J Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"R6-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9097","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22169097","article-title":"The impact of vitamin D on skin aging","volume":"22","author":"Bocheva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R7-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561771700100X","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: past, present, and future","volume":"23","author":"Bondi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"R8-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-017-9798-6","article-title":"Ceramide and its related neurochemical networks as targets for some brain disorder therapies","volume":"33","author":"Brodowicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"R9-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(66)90055-5","article-title":"Squalene, 26-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol in human atheromatous plaques","volume":"125","author":"Brooks","year":"1966","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"R10-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3081","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913828107","article-title":"ACAT1 gene ablation increases 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol content in the brain and ameliorates amyloid pathology in mice with AD","volume":"107","author":"Bryleva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R11-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.06.007","article-title":"Elevated plasma triglyceride levels precede amyloid deposition in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse models with abundant A beta in plasma","volume":"24","author":"Burgess","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"R12-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.11.003","article-title":"Interactions between the products of the Herpes simplex genome and Alzheimer\u2019s disease susceptibility genes: relevance to pathological-signalling cascades","volume":"52","author":"Carter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"R13-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5607\/en23010","article-title":"Impaired cholesterol metabolism, neurons, and neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"32","author":"Cheon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Neurobiol"},{"key":"R14-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaan8821","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan8821","article-title":"Combined adult neurogenesis and BDNF mimic exercise effects on cognition in an Alzheimer\u2019s mouse model","volume":"361","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R15-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0018-506X(77)90034-4","article-title":"Dihydrotestosterone propionate effects on dominance and sexual behaviors in gonadectomized male and female rhesus monkeys","volume":"8","author":"Cochran","year":"1977","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"R16-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1677","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad896","article-title":"LIPID MAPS: update to databases and tools for the lipidomics community","volume":"52","author":"Conroy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R17-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2019.12.003","article-title":"Sphingolipids in Alzheimer\u2019s disease, how can we target them?","volume":"159","author":"Crivelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"R18-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0305799101","article-title":"Involvement of oxidative stress-induced abnormalities in ceramide and cholesterol metabolism in brain aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"101","author":"Cutler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R19-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-00966-0","article-title":"Glucosylceramide synthase inhibition reduces ganglioside GM3 accumulation, alleviates amyloid neuropathology, and stabilizes remote contextual memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Dodge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"R20-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160169","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk genes and lipid regulators","volume":"53","author":"El Gaamouch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"R21-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760601070091","article-title":"25-Hydroxycholesterol, 7beta-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol upregulate interleukin-8 expression independently of Toll-like receptor 1, 2, 4 or 6 signalling in human macrophages","volume":"41","author":"Erridge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Free Radic Res"},{"key":"R22-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108132","article-title":"Cell-type- and brain-region-resolved mouse brain lipidome","volume":"32","author":"Fitzner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"R23-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.28022.1","article-title":"BioPAN: a web-based tool to explore mammalian lipidome metabolic pathways on LIPID MAPS","volume":"10","author":"Gaud","year":"2021","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"R24-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S301679","article-title":"Potential mechanism of S. baicalensis on lipid metabolism explored via network pharmacology and untargeted lipidomics","volume":"15","author":"Ge","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"R25-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2017.05.008","article-title":"Biodegradation of 7-ketocholesterol by rhodococcus erythropolis MTCC 3951: process optimization and enzymatic insights","volume":"207","author":"Ghosh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem Phys Lipids"},{"key":"R26-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1313","article-title":"Regulation of cholesterol and sphingomyelin metabolism by amyloid-beta and presenilin","volume":"7","author":"Grimm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"R27-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13706","article-title":"Cholesterol profiling reveals 7\u03b2-hydroxycholesterol as a pathologically relevant peripheral biomarker of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"78","author":"Ha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R28-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11080543","article-title":"Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in cholesterol metabolism: from its discovery to clinical trials and the genomics era","volume":"11","author":"Hai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"R29-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-007-0060-1","article-title":"Brain uptake and utilization of fatty acids, lipids and lipoproteins: application to neurological disorders","volume":"33","author":"Hamilton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"R30-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-009-8092-x","article-title":"The pathogenic implication of abnormal interaction between apolipoprotein E isoforms, amyloid-beta peptides, and sulfatides in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"41","author":"Han","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"R31-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04715.x","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the lipid connection","volume":"1","author":"Hartmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurochem 103 Suppl"},{"key":"R32-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-6-31","article-title":"Study of the ketogenic agent AC-1202 in mild to moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial","volume":"6","author":"Henderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"key":"R33-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01208-7","article-title":"Exome sequencing identifies rare damaging variants in ATP8B4 and ABCA1 as risk factors for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"54","author":"Holstege","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"R34-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52","DOI":"10.1002\/brx2.52","article-title":"Prospects of antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease","volume":"2","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain\u2010X"},{"key":"R35-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-23-01462","article-title":"Cholesterol metabolism: physiological versus pathological aspects in intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"R36-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.08.043","article-title":"The ACAT inhibitor CP-113,818 markedly reduces amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"44","author":"Hutter-Paier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"R37-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346783","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/346783","article-title":"Ceramides in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: key mediators of neuronal apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and A\u03b2 accumulation","volume":"2015","author":"Jazvin\u0161\u0107ak Jembrek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"R38-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22091478","article-title":"Non-polar natural products from Bromelia laciniosa, Neoglaziovia variegata and Encholirium spectabile (Bromeliaceae)","volume":"22","author":"Juvik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"R39-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00104","article-title":"Lipidomics analysis of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia: a scope for biomarker development","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"R40-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2006.12.032","article-title":"Oxidative status of human low density lipoprotein isolated by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography--assessment by total hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, 7-hydroxycholesterol, and 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha)","volume":"585","author":"Kitano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"R41-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-142319","article-title":"Sphingomyelin SM(d18:1\/18:0) is significantly enhanced in cerebrospinal fluid samples dichotomized by pathological amyloid-\u03b242, tau, and phospho-tau-181 levels","volume":"44","author":"Koal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"R42-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01074-5","article-title":"Medication effects on developmental sterol biosynthesis","volume":"27","author":"Korade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R43-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13439","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"25","author":"Lane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"R44-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1007\/s13258-024-01547-1","article-title":"Genomic analyses of intricate interaction of TE-lncRNA overlapping genes with miRNAs in human diseases","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genes Genomics"},{"key":"R45-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112994","article-title":"Cell-type-specific regulation of APOE and CLU levels in human neurons by the Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk gene SORL1","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"R46-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200307017","article-title":"Amyloid-beta peptide induces oligodendrocyte death by activating the neutral sphingomyelinase-ceramide pathway","volume":"164","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"R47-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.06.028","article-title":"Bioactive lipids, inflammation and chronic diseases","volume":"159","author":"Leuti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"R48-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-23-01827","article-title":"Targeting epigenetic mechanisms in amyloid-\u03b2-mediated Alzheimer\u2019s pathophysiology: unveiling therapeutic potential","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"R49-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000804","article-title":"Sphingomyelins and ceramides: possible biomarkers for dementia?","volume":"33","author":"Loft","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"R50-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.09.001","article-title":"Alzheimer disease: an update on pathobiology and treatment strategies","volume":"179","author":"Long","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R51-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2003956","article-title":"Comparison of the cytotoxic effects of beta-sitosterol oxides and a cholesterol oxide, 7beta-hydroxycholesterol, in cultured mammalian cells","volume":"90","author":"Maguire","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"R52-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2012.05.006","article-title":"Oligomeric amyloid-\u03b2 peptide affects the expression of genes involved in steroid and lipid metabolism in primary neurons","volume":"61","author":"Malik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"R53-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12649","article-title":"The small HDL particle hypothesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Martinez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"R54-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s10532-008-9183-5","article-title":"Microbial degradation of 7-ketocholesterol","volume":"19","author":"Mathieu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biodegradation"},{"key":"R55-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1195-2","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"570","author":"Mathys","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R56-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.D700041-JLR200","article-title":"Lipid extraction by methyl-tert-butyl ether for high-throughput lipidomics","volume":"49","author":"Matyash","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"R57-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2009.00229.x","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acid status in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: towards an omega-3 index for mental health?","volume":"67","author":"Milte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"R58-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2899","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddaa182","article-title":"Integrative genomics approach identifies conserved transcriptomic networks in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"29","author":"Morabito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"R59-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10129","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1202-06.2006","article-title":"Intraneuronal beta-amyloid aggregates, neurodegeneration, and neuron loss in transgenic mice with five familial Alzheimer\u2019s disease mutations: potential factors in amyloid plaque formation","volume":"26","author":"Oakley","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R60-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2010.04.004","article-title":"Phospholipase D in brain function and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"1801","author":"Oliveira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"R61-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3000410","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000410","article-title":"The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research","volume":"18","author":"Percie du Sert","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"R62-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.2001.0441","article-title":"Apolipoprotein C-I expression in the brain in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Petit-Turcotte","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"R63-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e494","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.127","article-title":"Plasma lipidomics analysis finds long chain cholesteryl esters to be associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"Proitsi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"R64-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1001-905","article-title":"Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase modulates the generation of the amyloid beta-peptide","volume":"3","author":"Puglielli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"R65-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2009.11.2\/cqiu","article-title":"Epidemiology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: occurrence, determinants, and strategies toward intervention","volume":"11","author":"Qiu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R66-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R075408","article-title":"The role of APOE on lipid homeostasis and inflammation in normal brains","volume":"58","author":"Rebeck","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"R67-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-007-0422-6","article-title":"Improving the outcome of established therapies for osteoporosis by adding the active D-hormone analog alfacalcidol","volume":"28","author":"Ringe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"R68-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205015666180427142350","article-title":"Dietary fat intake and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and dementia: a meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"15","author":"Ruan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"R69-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2765-4","article-title":"Lipids in the cell: organisation regulates function","volume":"75","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"R70-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00164-7","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid 24S-hydroxycholesterol is increased in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease compared to healthy controls","volume":"324","author":"Sch\u00f6nknecht","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"R71-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317513518650","article-title":"Role of medium chain triglycerides (Axona\u00ae) in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"29","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"},{"key":"R72-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.08.048","article-title":"Association studies of cholesterol metabolism genes (CH25H, ABCA1 and CH24H) in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"391","author":"Shibata","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"R73-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S188","DOI":"10.37765\/ajmc.2022.89236","article-title":"The economic and societal burden of Alzheimer disease: managed care considerations","volume":"28","author":"Skaria","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"R74-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804766-8.00013-3","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"167","author":"Soria Lopez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"R75-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-022-00338-8","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: epidemiology and clinical progression","volume":"11","author":"Tahami Monfared","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"R76-20260416","first-page":"4956","article-title":"Effects of sodium arsenite on lipid metabolism in human hepatocytes and regulatory factors","volume":"29","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu"},{"key":"R77-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1039\/C0MB00282H","article-title":"Modeling cholesterol metabolism by gene expression profiling in the hippocampus","volume":"7","author":"Valdez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Biosyst"},{"key":"R78-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2011.01713.x","article-title":"The plant sterol brassicasterol as additional CSF biomarker in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"124","author":"Vanmierlo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"R79-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2010.03.007","article-title":"Membrane rafts in Alzheimer\u2019s disease beta-amyloid production","volume":"1801","author":"Vetrivel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"R80-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-310914","article-title":"Plasma 7-ketocholesterol levels and the risk of incident cardiovascular events","volume":"103","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"R81-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D521","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl923","article-title":"HMDB: the human metabolome database","volume":"35","author":"Wishart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R82-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D603","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn810","article-title":"HMDB: a knowledgebase for the human metabolome","volume":"37","author":"Wishart","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R83-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D622","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1062","article-title":"HMDB 5.0: the Human Metabolome Database for 2022","volume":"50","author":"Wishart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R84-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01869-3","article-title":"25-Hydroxycholesterol amplifies microglial IL-1\u03b2 production in an apoE isoform-dependent manner","volume":"17","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"R85-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2007.06.012","article-title":"Long-term phytosterol treatment alters gene expression in the liver of apo E-deficient mice","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"R86-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16344","article-title":"Lipid metabolism and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: clinical evidence, mechanistic link and therapeutic promise","volume":"290","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"R87-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-014-0131-3","article-title":"Cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis in the brain","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"R88-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-023-01593-y","article-title":"DHCR24 reverses Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related pathology and cognitive impairment via increasing hippocampal cholesterol levels in 5\u00d7FAD mice","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"R89-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14509","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71510-z","article-title":"Untargeted lipidomics reveals progression of early Alzheimer\u2019s disease in APP\/PS1 transgenic mice","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R90-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-23-01401","article-title":"Lipid droplets in the nervous system: involvement in cell metabolic homeostasis","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"R91-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2020.1716467","article-title":"The prevalence of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in the Chinese Han population: a meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Res"}],"container-title":["Neural Regeneration Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-00975","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:39:10Z","timestamp":1786649950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-00975"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/nrr.nrr-d-24-00975","relation":{},"ISSN":["1673-5374","1876-7958"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1673-5374","type":"print"},{"value":"1876-7958","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-22","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-09","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}