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With the rapid exploitation and development of new technologies, there is a deeper understanding of macrophages in the brain barrier system. Here we review the origin, development, important molecules, and functions of macrophages, mainly focusing on microglia and border-associated macrophages. We also highlight some advances in single-cell sequencing and significant cell markers. We anticipate that more advanced methods will emerge to study resident and recruited macrophages in the future, opening new horizons for neuroimmunology and related peripheral immune fields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/nrr.nrr-d-24-00986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T02:00:17Z","timestamp":1738288817000},"page":"855-868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Roles of central nervous system resident and recruited macrophages in the brain barrier system"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ze","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science SMMU, Shanghai, 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