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Current treatment for myasthenia gravis involves symptomatic therapy, immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil, and thymectomy, which is primarily indicated in patients with thymoma or thymic hyperplasia. However, this condition continues to pose significant challenges including an unpredictable and variable disease progression, differing response to individual therapies, and substantial long-term side effects associated with standard treatments (including an increased risk of infections, osteoporosis, and diabetes), underscoring the necessity for a more personalized approach to treatment. Furthermore, about fifteen percent of patients, called \u201crefractory myasthenia gravis patients\u201d, do not respond adequately to standard therapies. In this context, the introduction of molecular therapies has marked a significant advance in myasthenia gravis management. Advances in understanding myasthenia gravis pathogenesis, especially the role of pathogenic antibodies, have driven the development of these biological drugs, which offer more selective, rapid, and safer alternatives to traditional immunosuppressants. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of emerging therapeutic strategies targeting specific immune pathways in myasthenia gravis, with a particular focus on preclinical evidence, therapeutic rationale, and clinical translation of B-cell depletion therapies, neonatal Fc receptor inhibitors, and complement inhibitors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/nrr.nrr-d-24-01011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:14:54Z","timestamp":1743120894000},"page":"1834-1848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Novel therapies for myasthenia gravis: Translational research from animal models to clinical application"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Sorrenti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Neuromuscular Repair Unit, Institute 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